ASTM D 2573-94 Standard Test Method for ... - DOKUMEN.TIPS

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2573; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ... HomeDocumentsASTMD2573-94StandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoilClickheretoloadreaderASTMD2573-94StandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoilDownloadReportView 853 Download 72 EmbedSize(px) 344x292429x357514x422599x487TextofASTMD2573-94StandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoilDesignation:D257394StandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoil1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD2573;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.1.Scope*1.1Thistestmethodcoversthefieldvanetestinsoft,saturated,cohesivesoils.Knowledgeofthenatureofthesoilinwhicheachvanetestistobemadeisnecessaryforassessmentoftheapplicabilityandinterpretationofthetest.1.2Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.TheSIunitsgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.SummaryofTestMethod2.1Thevanesheartestbasicallyconsistsofplacingafour-bladedvaneintheundisturbedsoilandrotatingitfromthesurfacetodeterminethetorsionalforcerequiredtocauseacylindricalsurfacetobeshearedbythevane;thisforceisthenconvertedtoaunitshearingresistanceofthecylindricalsurface.Itisofbasicimportancethatthefrictionofthevanerodandinstrumentbeaccountedfor;otherwise,thefrictionwouldbeimproperlyrecordedassoilstrength.Frictionmea-surementsunderno-loadconditions(suchastheuseofablanksteminplaceofthevanes,oravanethatallowssomefreerotationoftherodpriortoloading)aresatisfactoryonlyprovidedthatthetorqueisappliedbyabalancedmomentthatdoesnotresultinasidethrust.Astorsionalforcesbecomegreaterduringatest,asidethrustintheinstrumentwillresultinanincreaseinfrictionthatisnotaccountedforbyinitialno-loadreadings.Instrumentsinvolvingsidethrustarenotrecommended.Thevanerodmaybeofsufficientrigiditythatitdoesnottwistunderfullloadconditions;otherwiseacorrectionmustbemadeforplottingtorque-rotationcurves.3.SignificanceandUse3.1Thistestmethodprovidesanindicationofin-situshearstrength.3.2Thistestmethodisusedextensivelyinavarietyofgeotechnicalexplorations,suchasincaseswhereasampleforlaboratorytestingcannotbeobtained.4.Apparatus4.1Thevaneshallconsistofafour-bladedvaneasillus-tratedinFig.1.Theheightofthevaneshallbetwicethediameter.VanedimensionsshallbeasspecifiedinTable1.SizesotherthanthosespecifiedinTable1shallbeusedonlywiththepermissionoftheengineerinchargeoftheboringprogram.Theendsofthevanemaybetapered(seeFig.1).Thepenetratingedgeofthevanebladeshallbesharpenedhavinganincludedangleof90.4.2Thevaneshallbeconnectedtothesurfacebymeansofsteeltorquerods.Theserodsshallhavesufficientdiametersuchthattheirelasticlimitisnotexceededwhenthevaneisstressedtoitscapacity(Note1).Theyshallbesocoupledthattheshouldersofthemaleandfemaleendsshallmeettopreventanypossibilityofthecouplingtighteningwhenthetorqueisappliedduringthetest.Ifavanehousingisused,thetorquerodsshallbeequippedwithwell-lubricatedbearingswheretheypassthroughthehousing.Thesebearingsshallbepro-videdwithsealstopreventsoilfromenteringthem.Thetorquerodsshallbeguidedsoastopreventfrictionfromdevelopingbetweenthetorquerodsandthewallsofcasingorboring.NOTE1Iftorqueversusrotationcurvesaretobedetermined,itisessentialthatthetorquerodsbecalibrated(priortouseinthefield).Theamountofrodtwist(ifany)mustbeestablishedindegreesperfootperunittorque.Thiscorrectionbecomesprogressivelymoreimportantasthedepthofthetestincreasesandthecalibrationmustbemadeatleasttothemaximumdepthoftestinganticipated:4.3Torqueshallbeappliedtothetorquerods,thencetothevane.Theaccuracyofthetorquereadingshouldbesuchthatitwillproduceavariationnottoexceed625lb/ft2(1.20kPa)shearstrength.4.4Itispreferabletoapplytorquetothevanewithageareddrive.Intheabsenceofageareddrive,itisacceptabletoapplythetorquedirectlybyhandwithatorquewrenchorequivalent.Thedurationofthetestshouldbecontrolledbytherequire-mentsof5.3.5.Procedure5.1Inthecasewhereavanehousingisused,advancethehousingtoadepthwhichisatleastfivevanehousingdiameterslessthanthedesireddepthofthevanetip.Wherenovane1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-18onSoilandRockandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.02onSamplingandRelatedFieldTestingforSoilInvestigations.CurrenteditionapprovedSept.15,1994.PublishedNovember1994.OriginallypublishedasD257367T.LastpreviouseditionD257372(1978).1*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.AMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS100BarrHarborDr.,WestConshohocken,PA19428ReprintedfromtheAnnualBookofASTMStandards.CopyrightASTMhousingisused,stoptheholeinwhichthevaneisloweredatadepthsuchthatthevanetipmaypenetrateundisturbedsoilforadepthofatleastfivetimesthediameterofthehole.5.2Advancethevanefromthebottomoftheholeorthevanehousinginasinglethrusttothedepthatwhichthetestistobeconducted.Takeprecautionstomakesurenotorqueisappliedtothetorquerodsduringthethrust.5.3Withthevaneinposition,applythetorquetothevaneataratewhichshouldnotexceed0.1/s.Thisgenerallyrequiresatimetofailureoffrom2to5min,exceptinverysoftclayswherethetimetofailuremaybeasmuchas10to15min.Instiffermaterials,whichreachfailureatsmalldeformations,itmaybedesirabletoreducetherateofangulardisplacementsothatareasonabledeterminationofthestress-strainproper-tiescanbeobtained.Duringtherotationofthevane,holditatafixedelevation.Recordthemaximumtorque.Withapparatuswithgeareddrives,itisdesirabletorecordintermediatevaluesoftorqueatintervalsof15soratlesserfrequencyifconditionsrequire.5.4Followingthedeterminationofthemaximumtorque,rotatethevanerapidlythroughaminimumof10revolutions;thedeterminationoftheremouldedstrengthshouldbestartedimmediatelyaftercompletionofrapidrotationandinallcaseswithin1minaftertheremouldingprocess.5.5Inthecasewheresoilisincontactwiththetorquerods,determinethefrictionbetweenthesoilandtherodbymeansoftorquetestsconductedonsimilarrodsatsimilardepthswithnovaneattached.Conducttherodfrictiontestatleastonceoneachsite;thisshallconsistofaseriesoftorquetestsatvaryingdepths.5.6Inapparatusinwhichthetorquerodiscompletelyisolatedfromthesoil,conductafrictiontestwithablankrod(Note2)atleastonceoneachsitetodeterminethemagnitudeofthefrictionofthebearings.Inaproperlyfunctioningvaneapparatus,thisfrictionshouldbenegligible.NOTE2Insomecasesitisnotnecessarytoremovethevaneforthefrictiontest.Aslongasthevaneisnotincontactwiththesoil,thatis,whereitisretractedintoacasing,thefrictionmeasurementisnotaffected.5.7Conductundisturbedandremouldedvanetestsatinter-valsofnotlessthan2|n$ft(0.76m)throughoutthesoilprofilewhenconditionswillpermitvanetesting(Note3).Donotconductthevanetestinanysoilthatwillpermitdrainageordilatesduringthetestperiod,suchassandsorsiltsorinsoilswherestonesorshellsareencounteredbythevaneinsuchamannerastoinfluencetheresults.NOTE3Thisspacingmaybevariedonlybytheengineerinchargeoftheboringprogram.6.Calculation6.1Calculatetheshearstrengthofthesoilinthefollowingmanner:Theturningmomentrequiredtoshearthesoilisasfollows:T5s3Kwhere:T5torque,lbfft(orNm),s5shearstrengthoftheclay,lbf/ft2(orkPa),andK5constant,dependingondimensionsandshapeofthevane,ft3(orm3).6.2Assumingthedistributionoftheshearstrengthisuniformacrosstheendsofacylinderandaroundtheperimeter,calculatethevalueofKasfollows:Inch-PoundUnits:K5~p/1728!3~D2H/2!3@11~D/3H!#MetricUnits:K5~p/106!3~D2H/2!3@11D/3H!#where:D5measureddiameterofthevane,in.(orcm),andFIG.1GeometryofFieldVaneTABLE1RecommendedDimensionsofFieldVanesACasingSizeDiameter,in.(mm)Height,in.(mm)ThicknessofBlade,in.(mm)DiameterofVaneRod,in.(mm)AX112(38.1)3(76.2)116(1.6)12(12.7)BX2(50.8)4(101.6)116(1.6)12(12.7)NX212(63.5)5(127.0)18(3.2)12(12.7)4in.(101.6mm)B358(92.1)714(184.1)18(3.2)12(12.7)ASelectionofthevanesizeisdirectlyrelatedtotheconsistencyofthesoilbeingtested,thatis,thesofterthesoilthelargerthevanediameter.BInsidediameter.D25732H5measuredheightofvane,in.(orcm).Itisimportantthatthesedimensionsarecheckedperiodi-callytoensurethevaneisnotdistortedorworn.6.3Astheratiooflengthtobreadthofthevaneis2:1,thevalueofKmaybesimplifiedintermsofthediametersothatitbecomesthefollowing:IncPRIROBNICEFLANGESFLANSCHEN-mdm.siweldingflangesdin2573certificate:en10204/3.1glatteflanschendin2573waz:en10204/3.1varilneprirobnice-ravnedin2573certifiDocumentsCohesiveDevicesDocumentselQuetzalteco2573DocumentsLexicalcohesiveanalysisEducationIS2573(1986):LeatherGauntletsandMittensIS:2573-19864.2Materials-ThethreetypesshallDocumentsPowerPointvu.fl¢â‚¬â€2513-25732513253325532573H.q.2513,2533'N.A.2553,2573nn.£¸1Mu,DocumentsCohesivemarketingArt&PhotosCreatingCohesiveConversationLeadership&ManagementBs2573CraneDesignDocumentsIELTSCohesiveDevicesEducationCohesivemarketingcampaignEducationCohesiveFlexibleTechnologies-.conï¬dentialCohesiveFlexibleTechnologiesAMQPBusinessMessagingDocumentsGazetadoRioPardo2573DocumentsPredictionofSubscaleTestAnxietyConsideringBehavioral...ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2573-en.pdf¢ Documentsts:4434-1978IndianStandard-ISr4434-1978ASTMD2573-67TFieldvan6sheartdtincohesivesoilsDocumentsBS2573part1DocumentsCohesiveelementsDocumentsCohesionCoherenceInterdependence-AnalysingCohesive...CoherenceInterdependence-AnalysingCohesiveDevicesto...CohesionCoherenceInterdependence-AnalysingCohesiveDevicesDocumentsCohesivemarketingcampaignsMarketingWritingCohesiveEssaysDocumentsITS2573PREQUALIFICATIONSCHEME-ProcurePoint? ‚ITS2573PREQUALIFICATIONSCHEME.GuidelinesforCustomersThisdocumentprovidesguidelinestoassistCustomerspurchaseDocuments2573SEL1_24DocumentsMixersforCohesiveDocumentsListofKgbv2573DocumentsAbq315CohesiveElementsDocumentsCohesivedaysSmallBusiness&EntrepreneurshipLaboratoryTestingofSoils-TESTINGOFSOILSNameofTestUnconfinedCompressiveStrengthofCohesiveDocumentsBS2573-1-1983CranesDesignDocumentsDesignationD4767–02StandardTestMethodforConsolidatedUndrainedTriaxialCompressionTestforCohesiveSoilsEngineeringBC2573-DocumentsSearchrelated