ASTM D 2573-94 Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear ...

Designation: D 2573 – 94 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Rep... Home ASTMD2573-94StandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoil ASTMD2573-94StandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoil Author/Uploaded PabloAntonioValcárcelVargas Designation:D2573–94AMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS100BarrHarborDr.,WestConshohocken,PA19428Rep Views767 Downloads111 Filesize36KB ReportDMCA/Copyright DOWNLOADFILE RecommendStories StandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoil1 7,846 6,202 116KB Readmore AASHTOT223-96(2004)-StandardMethodofTestforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoil 29 0 18KB Readmore ASTMD2171__07StandardTestMethodfor NOTICE:Thisstandardhaseitherbeensupersededandreplacedbyanewversionorwithdrawn.ContactASTMInternational 156 14 135KB Readmore VaneShearTest 43 2 346KB Readmore GeotechVaneShearTest GeotechnicalEngineeringLaboratory[ConsolidationTest] TableofContents Introduction............................... 15 3 1MB Readmore VaneShearTest VaneShearTest 1 ExperimentNo.NameofExperiment:VANESHEARTESTAimTodeterminetheshearstrengthofsoftsatur 25 3 125KB Readmore LaboratoryVaneShearTest 51 2 277KB Readmore VaneShearTest VanesheartestPengujiankuatgesertanahmerupakanmasalahyangberhubungandenganstabilitasmassatanah.Menentukan 35 9 77KB Readmore SoilVaneShearTestReportNew INTRODUCTION Thisreferencetestprocedureprovidesaguidelineforexecutionoffieldvanetestsincohesivesoils.No 16 0 199KB Readmore Citationpreview Designation:D2573–94AMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS100BarrHarborDr.,WestConshohocken,PA19428ReprintedfromtheAnnualBookofASTMStandards.CopyrightASTMStandardTestMethodforFieldVaneShearTestinCohesiveSoil1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD2573;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.geotechnicalexplorations,suchasincaseswhereasampleforlaboratorytestingcannotbeobtained.1.Scope*1.1Thistestmethodcoversthefieldvanetestinsoft,saturated,cohesivesoils.Knowledgeofthenatureofthesoilinwhicheachvanetestistobemadeisnecessaryforassessmentoftheapplicabilityandinterpretationofthetest.1.2Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.TheSIunitsgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.4.Apparatus4.1Thevaneshallconsistofafour-bladedvaneasillustratedinFig.1.Theheightofthevaneshallbetwicethediameter.VanedimensionsshallbeasspecifiedinTable1.SizesotherthanthosespecifiedinTable1shallbeusedonlywiththepermissionoftheengineerinchargeoftheboringprogram.Theendsofthevanemaybetapered(seeFig.1).Thepenetratingedgeofthevanebladeshallbesharpenedhavinganincludedangleof90°.4.2Thevaneshallbeconnectedtothesurfacebymeansofsteeltorquerods.Theserodsshallhavesufficientdiametersuchthattheirelasticlimitisnotexceededwhenthevaneisstressedtoitscapacity(Note1).Theyshallbesocoupledthattheshouldersofthemaleandfemaleendsshallmeettopreventanypossibilityofthecouplingtighteningwhenthetorqueisappliedduringthetest.Ifavanehousingisused,thetorquerodsshallbeequippedwithwell-lubricatedbearingswheretheypassthroughthehousing.Thesebearingsshallbeprovidedwithsealstopreventsoilfromenteringthem.Thetorquerodsshallbeguidedsoastopreventfrictionfromdevelopingbetweenthetorquerodsandthewallsofcasingorboring.2.SummaryofTestMethod2.1Thevanesheartestbasicallyconsistsofplacingafour-bladedvaneintheundisturbedsoilandrotatingitfromthesurfacetodeterminethetorsionalforcerequiredtocauseacylindricalsurfacetobeshearedbythevane;thisforceisthenconvertedtoaunitshearingresistanceofthecylindricalsurface.Itisofbasicimportancethatthefrictionofthevanerodandinstrumentbeaccountedfor;otherwise,thefrictionwouldbeimproperlyrecordedassoilstrength.Frictionmeasurementsunderno-loadconditions(suchastheuseofablanksteminplaceofthevanes,oravanethatallowssomefreerotationoftherodpriortoloading)aresatisfactoryonlyprovidedthatthetorqueisappliedbyabalancedmomentthatdoesnotresultinasidethrust.Astorsionalforcesbecomegreaterduringatest,asidethrustintheinstrumentwillresultinanincreaseinfrictionthatisnotaccountedforbyinitialno-loadreadings.Instrumentsinvolvingsidethrustarenotrecommended.Thevanerodmaybeofsufficientrigiditythatitdoesnottwistunderfullloadconditions;otherwiseacorrectionmustbemadeforplottingtorque-rotationcurves.NOTE1—Iftorqueversusrotationcurvesaretobedetermined,itisessentialthatthetorquerodsbecalibrated(priortouseinthefield).Theamountofrodtwist(ifany)mustbeestablishedindegreesperfootperunittorque.Thiscorrectionbecomesprogressivelymoreimportantasthedepthofthetestincreasesandthecalibrationmustbemadeatleasttothemaximumdepthoftestinganticipated:4.3Torqueshallbeappliedtothetorquerods,thencetothevane.Theaccuracyofthetorquereadingshouldbesuchthatitwillproduceavariationnottoexceed625lb/ft2(1.20kPa)shearstrength.4.4Itispreferabletoapplytorquetothevanewithageareddrive.Intheabsenceofageareddrive,itisacceptabletoapplythetorquedirectlybyhandwithatorquewrenchorequivalent.Thedurationofthetestshouldbecontrolledbytherequirementsof5.3.3.SignificanceandUse3.1Thistestmethodprovidesanindicationofin-situshearstrength.3.2Thistestmethodisusedextensivelyinavarietyof5.Procedure5.1Inthecasewhereavanehousingisused,advancethehousingtoadepthwhichisatleastfivevanehousingdiameterslessthanthedesireddepthofthevanetip.Wherenovane1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-18onSoilandRockandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.02onSamplingandRelatedFieldTestingforSoilInvestigations.CurrenteditionapprovedSept.15,1994.PublishedNovember1994.OriginallypublishedasD2573–67T.LastpreviouseditionD2573–72(1978).*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.1D2573immediatelyaftercompletionofrapidrotationandinallcaseswithin1minaftertheremouldingprocess.5.5Inthecasewheresoilisincontactwiththetorquerods,determinethefrictionbetweenthesoilandtherodbymeansoftorquetestsconductedonsimilarrodsatsimilardepthswithnovaneattached.Conducttherodfrictiontestatleastonceoneachsite;thisshallconsistofaseriesoftorquetestsatvaryingdepths.5.6Inapparatusinwhichthetorquerodiscompletelyisolatedfromthesoil,conductafrictiontestwithablankrod(Note2)atleastonceoneachsitetodeterminethemagnitudeofthefrictionofthebearings.Inaproperlyfunctioningvaneapparatus,thisfrictionshouldbenegligible.NOTE2—Insomecasesitisnotnecessarytoremovethevaneforthefrictiontest.Aslongasthevaneisnotincontactwiththesoil,thatis,whereitisretractedintoacasing,thefrictionmeasurementisnotaffected.5.7Conductundisturbedandremouldedvanetestsatintervalsofnotlessthan2|n$ft(0.76m)throughoutthesoilprofilewhenconditionswillpermitvanetesting(Note3).Donotconductthevanetestinanysoilthatwillpermitdrainageordilatesduringthetestperiod,suchassandsorsiltsorinsoilswherestonesorshellsareencounteredbythevaneinsuchamannerastoinfluencetheresults.NOTE3—Thisspacingmaybevariedonlybytheengineerinchargeoftheboringprogram.FIG.1GeometryofFieldVane6.Calculation6.1Calculatetheshearstrengthofthesoilinthefollowingmanner:Theturningmomentrequiredtoshearthesoilisasfollows:housingisused,stoptheholeinwhichthevaneisloweredatadepthsuchthatthevanetipmaypenetrateundisturbedsoilforadepthofatleastfivetimesthediameterofthehole.5.2Advancethevanefromthebottomoftheholeorthevanehousinginasinglethrusttothedepthatwhichthetestistobeconducted.Takeprecautionstomakesurenotorqueisappliedtothetorquerodsduringthethrust.5.3Withthevaneinposition,applythetorquetothevaneataratewhichshouldnotexceed0.1°/s.Thisgenerallyrequiresatimetofailureoffrom2to5min,exceptinverysoftclayswherethetimetofailuremaybeasmuchas10to15min.Instiffermaterials,whichreachfailureatsmalldeformations,itmaybedesirabletoreducetherateofangulardisplacementsothatareasonabledeterminationofthestress-strainpropertiescanbeobtained.Duringtherotationofthevane,holditatafixedelevation.Recordthemaximumtorque.Withapparatuswithgeareddrives,itisdesirabletorecordintermediatevaluesoftorqueatintervalsof15soratlesserfrequencyifconditionsrequire.5.4Followingthedeterminationofthemaximumtorque,rotatethevanerapidlythroughaminimumof10revolutions;thedeterminationoftheremouldedstrengthshouldbestartedT5s3Kwhere:T5torque,lbf·ft(orN·m),s5shearstrengthoftheclay,lbf/ft2(orkPa),andK5constant,dependingondimensionsandshapeofthevane,ft3(orm3).6.2Assumingthedistributionoftheshearstrengthisuniformacrosstheendsofacylinderandaroundtheperimeter,calculatethevalueofKasfollows:Inch-PoundUnits:K5~p/1728!3~D2H/2!3@11~D/3H!#MetricUnits:K5~p/106!3~D2H/2!3@11D/3H!#where:D5measureddiameterofthevane,in.(orcm),andTABLE1RecommendedDimensionsofFieldVanesACasingSizeDiameter,in.(mm)Height,in.(mm)AXBXNX4in.(101.6mm)B11⁄2(38.1)2(50.8)21⁄2(63.5)35⁄8(92.1)3(76.2)4(101.6)5(127.0)71⁄4(184.1)AThicknessofBlade,in.(mm)⁄⁄1⁄81⁄8116116DiameterofVaneRod,in.(mm)(1.6)(1.6)(3.2)(3.2)Selectionofthevanesizeisdirectlyrelatedtotheconsistencyofthesoilbeingtested,thatis,thesofterthesoilthelargerthevanediameter.Insidediameter.B2⁄⁄1⁄21⁄21212(12.7)(12.7)(12.7)(12.7)D2573H5measuredheightofvane,in.(orcm).Itisimportantthatthesedimensionsarecheckedperiodicallytoensurethevaneisnotdistortedorworn.6.3Astheratiooflengthtobreadthofthevaneis2:1,thevalueofKmaybesimplifiedintermsofthediametersothatitbecomesthefollowing:Inch-PoundUnits:7.1.2Boringnumber,7.1.3Sizeandshapeofthevane(taperedorrectangular),7.1.4Depthofthevanetip,7.1.5Depthofthevanetipbelowthehousingorbottomofthehole,7.1.6Maximumtorquereading,andintermediatereadingsifrequiredfortheundisturbedtest,7.1.7Timetofailureofthetest,7.1.8Rateofremoulding,7.1.9Maximumtorquereadingfortheremouldedtest,and7.1.10Notesonanydeviationsfromstandardtestprocedure.7.2Inaddition,recordthefollowingobservationsfortheboring:7.2.1Boringnumber,7.2.2Location,7.2.3Logofthesoilconditions,7.2.4Referenceelevation,7.2.5Methodofmakingthehole,7.2.6Descriptionofthevane,thatis,housedornot,7.2.7Descriptionofthemethodofapplyingandmeasuringthetorque,7.2.8Notesonthedrivingresistance,7.2.9Nameofthedrillingforeman,and7.2.10Nameofthesupervisingengineer.K50.0021D3MetricUnits:K50.00000366D36.4Sincethevalueofsisrequired,itismoreusefultowritetheequationasfollows:s5T3kwhere:k5l/KandT,thetorque,ismeasuredsothatscanbecalculated.6.5ForthetaperedvaneofFig.1,thefollowingmodifiedequationmaybeusedforthevaneconstant:Inch-PoundUnits:K51/[email protected]~2D32d3!#MetricUnits:K51/[email protected]~2D32d3!#where:d5roddiameter,in.(cm).Fora1⁄2-in.(1.27-cm)rodthisreducesto:Inch-PoundUnits:8.PrecisionandBias8.1Precision—Avalidestimateoftestprecisionhasnotbeendeterminedbecauseitistoocostlytoconductthenecessaryinter-laboratory(field)tests.SubcommitteeD18.02welcomesproposalstoallowdevelopmentofavalidprecisionstatement.8.2Bias—Becausethereisnoreferencematerialforthistestmethod,therecanbenobiasstatement.K50.00225D320.00003MetricUnits:K50.00000388D320.000000767.Report9.Keywords7.1Foreachvanetestrecordthefollowingobservations:7.1.1Dateofthetest,9.1In-situtest;shearstrengthSUMMARYOFCHANGESThissectionidentifiestheprinciplechangestothistestmethodthathavebeenincorporatedsincethelastissue.(1)Thefollowingsectionswereadded;1.2,3,7and8.TheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterialstakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsandifnotrevised,eitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.YourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandardsandshouldbeaddressedtoASTMHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommittee,whichyoumayattend.IfyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428.3 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