Pixelation - Wikipedia

In computer graphics, pixelation is caused by displaying a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels, small single-colored ... Pixelation FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Computergraphicsartifact Thisarticleisaboutthegraphicsartifact.Forthestopmotionanimationtechnique,seePixilation.Forthegraphicaleditingandcensorshiptechnique,seePixelization. Thisarticlerelieslargelyorentirelyonasinglesource.Relevantdiscussionmaybefoundonthetalkpage.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyintroducingcitationstoadditionalsources.Findsources: "Pixelation" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(June2020) Anexampleofpixelation.Theimagelookssmoothwhenzoomedout,butwhenasmallsectionisviewedmoreclosely,theeyecandistinguishindividualpixels. Pixelatedimageofaface Incomputergraphics,pixelation(orpixellationinBritishEnglish)iscausedbydisplayingabitmaporasectionofabitmapatsuchalargesizethatindividualpixels,smallsingle-coloredsquaredisplayelementsthatcomprisethebitmap,arevisible.Suchanimageissaidtobepixelated(pixellatedintheUK). Adiamondwithout (left)andwith (right)anti-aliasing Earlygraphicalapplicationssuchasvideogamesranatverylowresolutionswithasmallnumberofcolors,resultingineasilyvisiblepixels.Theresultingsharpedgesgavecurvedobjectsanddiagonallinesanunnaturalappearance.However,whenthenumberofavailablecolorsincreasedto256,itwaspossibletogainfullyemployanti-aliasingtosmooththeappearanceoflow-resolutionobjects,noteliminatingpixelationbutmakingitlessjarringtotheeye.Higherresolutionswouldsoonmakethistypeofpixelationallbutinvisibleonthescreen,butpixelationisstillvisibleifalow-resolutionimageisprintedonpaper. Intherealmofreal-time3Dcomputergraphics,pixelationcanbeaproblem.Here,bitmapsareappliedtopolygonsastextures.Asacameraapproachesatexturedpolygon,simplisticnearestneighbortexturefilteringwouldsimplyzoominonthebitmap,creatingdrasticpixelation.Themostcommonsolutionisatechniquecalledpixelinterpolationthatsmoothlyblendsorinterpolatesthecolorofonepixelintothecolorofthenextadjacentpixelathighlevelsofzoom.Thiscreatesamoreorganic,butalsomuchblurrierimage.Thereareanumberofwaysofdoingthis;seetexturefilteringfordetails. Pixelationisaproblemuniquetobitmaps.Alternativessuchasvectorgraphicsorpurelygeometricpolygonmodelscanscaletoanylevelofdetail.Thisisonereasonvectorgraphicsarepopularforprinting –mostmoderncomputermonitorshavearesolutionofabout100dotsperinch,andat300dotsperinchprinteddocumentshaveaboutninetimesasmanypixelsperunitofareaasascreen.Anothersolutionsometimesusedisproceduraltextures,texturessuchasfractalsthatcanbegeneratedon-the-flyatarbitrarylevelsofdetail. Thezoomedportionofthecatimageabove,resizedusingnearestneighbor(left)andwithAdobePhotoshop'sbicubicresampling,whichusespixelinterpolation(right).Theinterpolatedimagehasnosharpedges,butisconsiderablyblurrier. Contents 1Deliberatepixelation 2Depixelization 3Seealso 4References 5Externallinks Deliberatepixelation[edit] Insomecases,theresolutionofanimageoraportionofanimageisloweredtointroducepixelationdeliberately.Thiseffectiscommonlyusedontelevisionnewsshowstoobscureaperson'sfaceortocensornudityorvulgargestures,andisalsousedforartisticeffect.Thiseffectiscalledpixelization.Makingpixelseasilyvisibleisalsoamainfeatureinpixelartwhichiswherethegraphicsaremadeinlowresolutionsforeffect. Depixelization[edit] Depixelizationremovespixelizationfromimages,attemptingtoreconstructtheappearanceoftheoriginal(unpixelated)image.[1] Seealso[edit] Colourbanding Macroblocking Posterization Pixelart Perceptionofpixelatedimages[2] References[edit] ^"ResearchersHaveCreatedaToolThatCanPerfectlyDepixelateFaces".Gizmodo.Retrieved2020-06-24. ^"PerceptionofPixelatedImages|ScienceDirect". Externallinks[edit] ZoomingWithoutPixelation,digitalcameraadvicebyMarkCoffman PixelizationofaFontbyStephenWolfram,TheWolframDemonstrationsProject. Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pixelation&oldid=1051907312" Categories:ComputergraphicartifactsHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromJune2020Allarticlesneedingadditionalreferences Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages CatalàDanskEspañolFrançaisBahasaIndonesiaPolski Editlinks