单位转换器
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pixel (X) 至centimeter (—cm) 单位转换。
单位转换器
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转换pixel(X)centimeter[cm]
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1pixel(X)=0.0264583333333334centimeter[cm]由:twipmetercentimetermillimetercharacter(X)character(Y)pixel(X)pixel(Y)inchpica(computer)pica(printer’s)point(DTP/PostScript)point(computer)point(printer’s)enciceroemDidotpoint至:twipmetercentimetermillimetercharacter(X)character(Y)pixel(X)pixel(Y)inchpica(computer)pica(printer’s)point(DTP/PostScript)point(computer)point(printer’s)enciceroemDidotpoint
HeatTransferCoefficientThethermalconductivityofcopperismuchbetterthanthatofaluminum.Ifthisisthecase,thenwhydotheyusealuminumandnotcoppertomakecarradiators?Clickortaptofindout!MoreaboutTypographyandDigitalImagingUnitsOverviewDefinitionsofUnitsDifferentUnitsComputerPicaReferencePixelVisualAngleOtherUnitsEmandEnCritiqueLearntechnicalEnglishwiththisvideo!OverviewSerifandsans-seriffontsTypography,thestudyoftype,isconcernedwiththeappearanceofletters,includingtheirshape,size,andcolor.Itemergedaroundtheinventionoftheprintingpressinthemid-fifteenthcentury.Arranginglettersonthepagewellandfollowingtheprinciplesofgoodtypographycanimpactthereaderandstrengthenthemessagethatthedesigneristryingtoconvey.Badtypography,ontheotherhand,canmakethetextdifficulttoread.Fontsareclassifiedintodifferenttypes,suchasserifs(fontswithdecorativeelementsnamedserifs)andsansserifs(fontswithoutserifs).Intheillustration,thefirstletterinblueisinaseriffont,Bodoni.Hereoneofthefourserifsismarkedinred.Theotherletterinyellowisinasans-seriffont,Futura.Otherclassificationsdividefontsbasedontheirhistoricorigins:theoldstyleoroldfaceincludestheoldestfonts;transitionaltypesaretheonesthathistoricallyfollowedtheoldestones;moderntypesarefontsthatweredesignedafterthetransitionaltypesanduntilaboutthe1820s;andmoderntypesormodernizedold-styletypesincludemodernfontsthatimitatethetrueoldstylebutaredesignedinthemoderntimes.Therearealsoothergroupsinthisclassification.Eachgroupoffontsdiffersinseveraldesignelementssuchasintheirthickness,contrastbetweenthickandthinlines,andtheshapeoftheserifs.Otherclassificationsalsoexist.AscreenshotofAdobeInDesign—adesktoppublishingapplicationproducedbyAdobeSystems.Typographyisconcernedwithmanipulatingsizeandfonttypestomakepageswithapleasingandeasy-to-readappearance.Thereareseveralconventionsforspecifyingthesizeofletters.Forsomeoftheseconventions,thesamesizeoflettersintwodifferentfontsmaynotmeanthattheyhavethesamelineardimensions,asdescribedbelow.Despitetheseinconsistencies,sizedoeshelpdesignerstoknowhowmuchspaceagiventexttakesuponapage,andassuchisausefulmeasureindesktoppublishing.Digitalimagesarealsomeasuredindesktoppublishing,toensurethattheyfitwellintheallottedspace.Whilecentimetersorinchescanbeemployed,unitscalledpixelsarealsoused.Eachpixelrepresentsadot(orasquare)thatmakesupanimageonthescreen.DefinitionsofUnitsIntypography,thesizeoflettersandcharactersismeasuredwiththehelpofabasicstandardizedunit,pica(pc).Sometimespicaisuseddirectly,forexample,tomeasuremarginsandcolumnsizes.However,ofteninsteadofpica,theunitsderivedfromit,suchaspoints,areused.Thereareseveralconventionsforcalculatingpica.Thesizeofthelettersismeasuredusingthefollowingdimensions(pictured):Fontmetrics.1.ascenderline,2.meanline,3.baseline,4.descenderline,5.x-height,6.bodysizeascenderline:marksthetopoftheletter;meanline:topofthemainbodyoftheletter,thisisalsoknownasmedian;baseline:bottomofthemainbodyoftheletter;descenderline:marksthebottomoftheletter;x-height:thesizeofthemainbodyoftheletter,traditionallyitisequaltotheheightoftheletterx;bodysize:thesizeoftheleadblockthatwashistoricallyusedforprintingeachletter.TheheightofthestampisanexampleofbodysizePoints(pt)aretheunitsconventionallyusedtodeterminethesizeofthefont.Forexample,muchoftheacademicwritingandbusinesscorrespondenceisdoneinsizesbetweenpoint10andpoint12.Thevalueofonepointisequalto1/12ofapica.Theactualsizeininchesormillimetersreferstothevaluecalledbodysize,undernumber6intheillustration.Historicallythisisthephysicalheightoftheleadblockusedforprintingwiththeprintingpress—ithasasingleletteronit.Tovisualizethis,imagineastampwithoneletteronit—thepointsizewouldbenotthesizeoftheletter,butthephysicalheightofthestamp.Inwebdevelopment,inparticular,inLaTeXandCSS,x-heightissometimesusedinsteadofpoints.Pixels(px)aretheunitsformeasuringthesizeofdigitalimages.Seethedescriptionofthepixelbelow.DifferentUnitsThereareseveraldifferentconventionsusedtocalculatethelengthofonepica.Astheprintingtechnologydevelopedsomewhatindependentlyindifferentcountries,sodidthetypographicunits.Theywerecommonlybasedonthelocalunitsoflength,andevenincaseswhenpicaistiedtotheinch,itsvaluediffersdependingonthehistoricaldefinitionoftheinchinagivencountry.Themostcommonlyusedcomputerpicawasdevelopedtoanswertheneedforstandardizationacrosscountries.ComputerPicaComputerpicaismeasuredas1/6ofaninch.Pointsaregenerallyderivedfrompicaasdescribedabove.PostScriptisoneoftheformatsthatusecomputertypographyunits.Theseunitsareusedbymostcomputersformeasuringtextdisplayedonthescreenandforhomeprinting.Insomecasesinwebdesign,pointscanbedefinedbasedonthephysicalmeasurementsofpicarelevanttounitsoflength(forexample,inches,asoutlinedabove).However,bothpointsandpicascanalsobedefinedrelativetothesizeofapixel,asdefinedbyaparticularwebsite.Inthiscase,thispixeliscalledareferencepixel.ReferencePixelStandardpixelsaresubstitutedbyreferencepixelswhenthetargetaudienceusesdevicesthatareviewedfromunusualdistancesorthathavescreensofunconventionalsizes.Forexample,thedisplayofmostsmartphonesassumesthattheviewersuseitatadistanceofabout10inchesfromtheeyes(25.4cm),butifanewsmartphoneisdevelopedwiththesamescreensizeasmostphonesaretoday,butthatismeanttobeviewedat5inches(12.7cm)distanceinstead,thenthereferencepixelshouldbeabouthalfofthesizeoftheconventionalpixel,toensurethatallthecharactersaredisplayedwellanddonotappearchoppyorpixelated.VisualAnglePeoplelongnoticedthecorrelationbetweenthesevalues:thesizeofthescreen,thedistancefromthescreen,thesizeofapixel,andhowbigthispixelappearstothehumaneye.Torelatealloftheminaneasy-to-understandway,theconceptsofvisualangleandPixelsPerDegreewereintroduced.AnexampleofPixelsPerDegree(pixelsalignedalongthelinesEandF),andavisualangle(angleA)ThevariablePixelsPerDegree(PPD)representsthetotalnumberofpixelsthatonewantstoappearonthescreenperagivendistanceformedbytheviewingangleofonedegree.Intheillustration,theyellowangleDisonedegree(itisnotactuallyonedegreeinthispicturebecauseitwouldbehardtoseethediagramwithsuchasmallangle,butpleaseimaginethatitis).PPDisthenumberofpixelsthatcanbelinedupalongtheredlineEandalsoalongtheredlineF.Inourcase,PPDisthreepixels(twogreyandonedarkgrey).DisplaymanufacturersusuallycalculatethePPDsothatthepixelsaresmallenoughtoblendinandtoproduceacontinuousimage.Itisusuallymuchhigherthaninourillustration.Apple,forexample,claimstokeepthePPDfortheirdisplaysnolowerthan53.53,sometimesashighas79PPD.KnowingthePPDonecancalculatethesizeofonepixelbyusingthedistancefromtheeyetothedisplayandthevisualangle.Inourexample,thedistancesare10and20inches—theapproximatedistancesforasmartphoneandacomputerdisplayrespectively.Thevisualangleistheangleatwhichthedistancethatiscoveredwithinthisangleonthescreencoversonepixel(greenlinesBandContheillustration).Intheillustration,thevisualangleismarkedinorange.Usingthesetools,wecaneasilycalculatepixelsizesnotonlyforstandarddisplaysbutalsoforthosethatareviewedatunusualdistancesorareofunusualsizes.Ifyouareinterestedtoknowmore,youcanfindmoreinformationontheW3Cwebsite.
OtherUnitsOthertypographyunitsareusedintheindustry,althoughmuchlesscommonly.Americanpicaisoneofthem.Itisabout0.166ofaninch.Theprinter’spicaismeasuredthesameway.Cicerostillappearsinliteratureoccasionally.ItwasaunitcommonlyusedinContinentalEuropeuntilpicawasintroduced.Itiscalculatedas1/6ofaFrenchinch.Frenchinchesaredifferentfromtheinchescurrentlyinuse.Oneciceroequals4.512mmor0.177moderninches.Itisverysimilartothecomputerpicaandisequaltoabout1.06computerpicas.EmandEnWhiletheunitsoutlinedabovemainlydenotetheheightofeachletter,emandenaretwotypographicunitsthatmeasurethewidthofletters.Emequalsthesizeofthecharacterinpoints,whileenishalfofanem.Historically,thesizeofemwasdefinedasthewidthofthecapitalletterM.Thisisnotanaccuratedefinitionanymore,becauseMisdifferentforthenumerousfontsthatareinusetoday.Emandenareoftenusedtomeasurethelengthofdashes.InEnglish,thedashthatisusedtoindicatetherange(e.g.“use3–4tablespoonsofsugar”)iscalledtheendash,whilethelongerdashusedinpunctuation(e.g.“thesummerwasshort,butthewinter—long”)iscalledtheemdash.Indentationandcolumnwidthcanalsobemeasuredintheseunits.CritiqueManydesignersarguethatthecurrentlyusedtypographicsystemsbasedonpicasandpointsarefarfromideal.Critiqueincludesproblemsthatarisefromhavingtousethissysteminconjunctionwiththemetricortheimperialunitsthatdesignersuseforimagesandpagesizes,etc.—thisisaproblembecausethetypographicunitsystemisnottiedaccuratelytothemetricortheimperialunits.Allthreewordsarewrittenwiththesamesizeinpoints,yettheirx-heightisverydifferentbecausedifferentfontsareusedforthemAnotherproblemisthatthelettersofthesamepointsizebutfromdifferentfontsappeartohavedifferentsizes.Thisisbecausethesizeexpressedinpointscorrespondstothebodysize,nottothesizeofthebodyoftheletter,whichisthex-heightontheillustrationabove.Thismakesitdifficultforthedesignertokeepconsistencythroughoutthedocument.Forexample,intheillustration,allthreewordsarewrittenwiththesamesizeinpoints,yettheirx-heightisverydifferentbecausedifferentfontsareusedforthem.Somedesignersproposetousethex-heightasthefontsizeandtostopusingthebodysizetoaddressthisissue.References本篇文章由KaterynaYuri撰写你可能对其它转换器组的其它转换器感兴趣:MetricPrefixesConverterDataTransferConverterLumberVolumeMeasuresConverterCurrencyExchangeRatesMen’sClothingandShoeSizesWomen’sClothingandShoeSizes简约版计算器完整版计算器单位定义在线单位转换器其它转换器你在翻译测量单位时遇到困难?帮助在此!在TC术语帮助贴出你的问题,几分钟就能得到资深技术翻译的解答。
其它转换器数据传输速度度量单位、木材体积度量单位以及印刷和数字成像领域度量单位的转换器。
公制前缀与化合物摩尔质量计算器的说明。
TypographyandDigitalImagingUnitsConverterIntypography,apoint(pt)isthesmallestunitofmeasure,beingasubdivisionofthelargerpica.Thepointhaslongbeentheusualunitformeasuringfontsizeanddistancebetweenlinesoftextandothersmallitemsonaprintedpage.1pointisequalto0.35to0.38mmdependingonthecountry.Inthelate1980s—thebeginningofthe1990sthetraditionalpointwasreplacedbythedesktoppublishingpoint(alsocalledthePostScriptpoint),whichwasdefinedas1⁄72ofaninch(25.4⁄72mm=0.3527mm).Twelvepointsmakeupapica,sixpicasmakeaninch.AciceroisaunitofmeasurethatwasusedintraditionaltypographyinItaly,France,andothercontinentalEuropeancountries.1cicero=12points.Itisnotusedinmoderndesktoppublishingsystems.Apicaisatypographicunitofmeasurecorrespondingto1/72ofafootor1/6ofaninch.Thepicacontains12pointunitsofmeasure.ThecontemporarypicausedinDTPsystemslikeAdobeInDesignandearlierinAldusPagemakeris1/72ofafoot,i.e.4.233mmor0.166in.Atwip,whichmeans“twentiethofapoint”isatypographicalmeasurement,definedas1/20ofatypographicalpoint.Onetwipis1/1440inchor17.639µmwhenderivedfromthePostScriptpointat72totheinch,and1/1445.4inchor17.573µmbasedontheprinter’spointat72.27totheinch.Indigitalimaging,apixel(shortforapictureelement)isaphysicalpointinarasterimage,orthesmallest,addressableelementinadisplaydevice.Inotherwords,apixelisasinglepointinapicture.Onthemonitorofacomputer,apixelisusuallyarectangle.使用TypographyandDigitalImagingUnitsConverter转换器本在线单位转换器允许不同系统之间众多度量单位进行快速、精确的转换。
单位转换器页面服务于工程师、译员以及任何工作中涉及不同单位测量值的其它人士。
观看视频,学习科技英语!你可以使用本在线转换器76大类的数百个单位,几千个单位对。
这些类别包括加速度、面积、电气、能量、力、长度、光、重量、质量流量、密度、比容、功率、压力、应力、温度、时间、扭矩、速度、粘度、体积和容量、容积流量等。
注:整数(不带小数点或指数符号的数字)精确到15位数,而小数点后面最多保留10位数。
在此计算器中,符号E表示太小或太大的数字。
符号E是科学记数法a•10x的另一种格式。
例如:1,103,000=1.103•106=1.103E+6,这里E(指数)代表“•10^”,即“乘以10的次方”。
符号E常见于计算器中,使用人群为科学家、数学家以及工程师。
在左边的列表框内选择原单位。
在右边的列表框内选择目标单位。
在左边的由框内输入一个值(如“15”)。
转换结果就会出现在结果框内以及至框内。
或者,你也可以在右边的至框内输入该值,然后读取由框内以及结果框内的转换结果。
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