Direct and indirect speech acts - ELLO

1. Use the typical association between sentence forms and speech acts. ... 2. Use the performative verbs performatively. ... You see, whenever there is a direct ... Glossary KeyThinkers AllExercices AllPodcasts LinguisticFAQs AllLinks CompleteReadingList LogIn GeneralLinguistics Theory,Model,Method PhoneticsandPhonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics FocusandContent Definition BasicNotions DeixisandDistance ReferenceandInference CooperationandImplicature SpeechActsandEvents IllocutionaryForce FelicityConditions Perform.Hypothesis TypesofSpeechActs Direct&IndirectSpeechActs SpeechEvents PolitenessandInteraction Exercises ToolsandExtras SelectedSubfields HistoryofEnglish SyntacticTheory CognitiveApproaches LanguageandMedia Sociolinguistics TheoriesandMethodsinLinguistics Pragmatics»FocusandContent»SpeechActsandEvents»Direct&IndirectSpeechActs Pragmatics RealizationsofSpeechActs Directandindirectspeechacts Apartfromdistinguishingspeechactsaccordingtotheirgeneralfunction(seeTypesofSpeechActs),theycanalsobedistinguishedwithregardtotheirstructure.Austinarguedthatwhatissaid(thelocutionaryact)doesnotdeterminetheillocutionaryact(s)beingperformed.Thus,wecanperformaspeechactdirectlyorindirectly,bywayofperforminganotherspeechact. Forexample,wecanmakearequestorgivepermissionbywayofmakingastatement(e.g.byutteringIamgettingthirstyorItdoesn'tmattertome),andwecanmakeastatementorgiveanorderbywayofaskingaquestion(e.g.suchasWillthesunrisetomorrow?orCanyoucleanupyourroom?Whenanillocutionaryactisperformedindirectly,itisperformedthroughtheuseofanotherwhichisdirect. Howtomakeadirectspeechact 1.Usethetypicalassociationbetweensentenceformsandspeechacts.  declarativeinterrogativeimperative assertionHewashedthedishes   question Whowashedthedishes?  order/request  Dothedishes(please)! 2.Usetheperformativeverbsperformatively. speechactverbthatnamesthespeechactexample assertionassertIassertthathewashesthedishes. questionaskIaskwhowillwashthedishes. orderorderIorderyoutowashthedishes. requestrequestIrequestthatyouwashthedishes. promisepromiseIpromisethatI’llwashthedishes. adviceadviseIadviseyoutowashthedishes. Yousee,wheneverthereisadirectrelationshipbetweenthefunctionofaspeechactanditsstructuralform,wehaveadirectspeechact. Howtomakeanindirectspeechact Whenthereisnodirectrelationshipbetweenastructureandaformbutratheranindirectone,thespeechactisconsideredindirect.  declarativeinterrogativeimperative assertion 1.IsthepopeCatholic?2.Isiceold?  question1.Iwanttoknowwhowashedthedishes.2.Idonotknowwhowashedthedishes. 1.Whydon’tyouleave? request1.Thedishesarenotwashedyet.2.Iwouldlikeforyoutowashthedishes.1.Canyouwashthedishes?2.Wouldyoumindwashingthedishes?  ExerciseonSpeechActsinUse Clickhereifyouwanttolearnmoreonhowtoidentifydirectandindirectspeechacts. ResearchExerciseonwomen'suseofindirectspeechacts GobackbacktoSpeechActsandEvents Categories:Glossary