Ballast Water Exchange and Management Plan - Marine Insight

D1 – Exchange: Ballast water exchange is based on the principle that organisms and pathogens contained in ballast water taken on board from ... Skiptocontent Ballastwaterhasbeenanintegralcomponentoftheship’sstabilitysincethesteel-hulledvesselshavebeenintroduced. Whetherornottheshipisatsea,ballastwateriscarriedonallseagoingvesselsbigorsmalltomaintainacceptablestabilityconditions.Agoodballastwatermanagementplanisimperativeforalltypesofships. Ballastwaterreducesstressesonthevessel’shull,balancesofffortheweightlossduetoconsumptionofwaterandfuel,providesbettermanoeuvrabilitywithsufficientvesseldraft,includingshippropellerimmersion,andalsohelpsinimprovinglivingconditionsofthecrewaboardbyreducingvibrationsanduncontrolledvessel’smovements. WhyisBallastWaterinDiscussion? Whileballastwaterremainsindispensableforsafe,secureandeffectualshippingoperations,ithasbeenscientificallyresearchedandprovenbyexpertauthoritiesthatballastwaterisasignificantpathforthetransferofharmfulandequallydamagingaquaticorganismsandotherpathogensthatposeseriousecological,economicandhealthproblemsand ifintroducedintotheseaincludingestuaries,orintofreshwatercourses,maycreatehazardstotheenvironment,humanhealth,propertyorresources,impairbiologicaldiversityorinterferewithotherlegitimateusesofsuchareas. Theintroductionoftheseharmfulmarineorganismsandothersimilarpathogenshascausedmajordamagetomanyoftheworlds’coastalregionsandbio-diversitiesovertheyears. ExamplesofsuchorganismsareGoldenMussels,ZebraMussels,NorthAmericanCombJellyfish,theCladoceranWaterFlea,andtheNorthPacificSeastar. StepsToReduceHazardsAssociatedwithBallastWater Theglobalcommunity,undertheadministrationofIMOhasadoptedthe“InternationalConventionfortheControlandManagementofShip’sBallastWaterandSediments,2004”. ThisConventionisintendedatstoppingtheintroductionofsuperfluousaquaticorganismsandpathogensthroughthedischargeofballastwaterandsediments. TheBallastWaterManagement(BWM)Conventionisapplicabletonewandexistingshipsthataredesignedtocarryballastwaterandareof400grosstonnagesandabove. TheBWMConventionenteredintoforceon8thSeptember2017.InordertoshowcompliancewiththerequirementsoftheConvention,eachshipshallhaveonboardavalidCertificate,aBallastWaterManagementPlanandaBallastWaterRecordBook. TheConventionincludestworegulationsthatdefineballastwatermanagementstandards; –RegulationD-1addressestheBallastWaterExchangestandardand –RegulationD-2detailstheBallastWaterPerformancestandardtowardsthetreatmentofballastwaterusingTypeApprovedBallastWaterManagementSystem. Theaccountableauthorities,whichincludesscientists,shipownersandoperatorsaswellasflagStates,havedeterminedthatthemethodofballastwaterexchangeprovidesaneffectivemeans,topreventtheunintendedtransferoftheseharmfulmarineorganisms. This,ofcourse,isonatemporarybasisuntiltheauthoritiescomeupwithapermanentsolutionrelatedtoballastwatertreatmentsystems. WhereBallastWaterexchangeistobeconducted? Ballastwaterexchangecannotbecarriedoutanywhereatsea.Therearecertainrequirementsthatmustbecompliedwithtoperformaballastwaterexchangeatsea. 1.Conductballastwaterexchangeatleast200nauticalmilesfromthenearestlandandinthewaterofatleast200metersindepth. 2.Whenashipcannotmeettheabovecriteriaduetoreasonssuchasshortvoyagedurationorenclosedwaters,theexchangeistobeconductedasfarfromthenearestlandaspossible,butatleast50nauticalmilesfromthenearestlandandinawaterdepthofatleast200meters. APortState,inconsultationwithadjacentorotherStates,maydesignateareaswhereballastwaterexchangemaybeconductediftherearelocationsofoperationwherethedistancefromnearestlandandwaterdepthdonotmeettheaboverequirements. Nationalballastwatermanagementregulationsmustbeconsultedinadvanceforproperplanning.Itisoftenmandatorytosubmitaballastwatermanagementreportinmanyportspriortoarrival. AnyballastexchangemusttakeintoaccountanyParticularlySensitiveSeaAreasorMarineProtectedAreas. WhatisBallastwaterexchangeandwho’sresponsibleforitsmanagement? Ballastwaterexchangeisaprocesswhichinvolvesthesubstitutionofwaterinship’sballasttanksusingeitherasequential,flow-through,dilutionorotherexchangemethodswhicharerecommendedormadeobligatorybytheIMO,inordertopreserveecologyinbiologicallyrichcoastalwatersandsimilartothoseindeepoceanicwaters. Sinceithasbeenscientificallyestablishedthatthosemarineorganismsand/orpathogensaretakenonincoastalwatersarelesslikelytosurvivewhendischargedintotheopenoceanduetochangesinthewater’schemistry,temperatureandsalinity,andsimilarly,thoseorganismstakenonboardinoceanicwatersarelesslikelytosurviveincoastalwaters,BallastWaterExchangeorBWEisrequiredtobecarriedoutduringthevessel’svoyagethroughvariouszonesoftheseabed. Thequantity,distributionandcirculationofballastwateraredeterminedbytheMasterofthevesselandarebasedoutofexplicitoperationalandenvironmentalconditions.Thevessel’sMasterandthedesignated“BallastWaterManagementOfficer”aretheresponsibleauthoritiesfortheimplementationoftheBallastWaterManagementPlan. TheBallastWaterExchangeMethods: D1–Exchange:Ballastwaterexchangeisbasedontheprinciplethatorganismsandpathogenscontainedinballastwatertakenonboardfromcoastalwaterswillnotsurvivewhendischargedintodeepoceansoropenseas,asthesewatershavedifferenttemperatures,salinityandchemicalcomposition. 1.Sequentialmethod:Inthisprocess,theballastwatertankisfirstemptiedandthenrefilledwithreplacementballastwatertoachieveatleasta95percentvolumetricexchange.Alloftheballastwaterineachtankshouldbedischargeduntilsuctionofthepumpsislostandstrippingpumpsoreductorsshouldbeusedifpossible,toavoidasituationwhereorganismsareleftinthebottomofthetank,thetankisthenrefilledwithnewwater.Emptyingoftankscanbedoneindividuallyorinpairs. 2.Flow-throughmethod:Theflow-throughmethodisaprocessbywhichreplacementballastwaterispumpedintoaballasttankintendedforthecarriageofballastwater,allowingwatertoflowthroughoverfloworotherarrangementsinordertoachieveatleast95percentvolumetricexchangeofballastwater.PumpingthroughthreetimesthevolumeofeachballastwatertankshallbeconsideredtomeetthestandardD-1. 3.Dilutionmethod:Thedilutionmethodisaprocessbywhichreplacementballastwaterisfilledthroughthetopoftheballasttankintendedforthecarriageofballastwaterwithsimultaneousdischargefromthebottomatthesameflowrateandmaintainingaconstantlevelinthetankthroughouttheballastexchangeoperation. Atleastthreetimesthetankvolumeistobepumpedthroughthetank.Commonlytwoballastpumpsareusedsimultaneously,wherebyoneisactingasfillingpumpandtheotherasasuctionpump.Asitisessentialtokeepthefillinglevelinthetanksconstant,exactcontrolofthepumpedvolumeofbothpumpsistobeensured. D-2-Performancestandarddefinestheperformancestandardfortheballastwatertreatmentsystem.TheD-2standardspecifiesthemaximumamountofviableorganismsallowedtobedischarged,includingspecifiedindicatormicrobesharmfultohumanhealth: Shipsconductingballastwatermanagementinaccordancewiththisregulationshalldischarge: •Lessthan10viableorganismsperm3>50μinminimumdimension,and •Lessthan10viableorganismsperml<50μand>10μinminimumdimension,and •Lessthanthefollowingconcentrationsofindicatormicrobes: –ToxicogenicVibriocholeralessthan1colony-formingunit(cfu)per100ml,orlessthan1cfuper1gramzooplanktonsamples –Escherichiacolilessthan250cfuper100ml –IntestinalEnterococcilessthan100cfuper100ml. CompliancewiththePerformanceStandard(D-2)seemstobeachievableonlybyuseofaBWtreatmentsystem.IngeneraltreatmentsystemsthatcomplywiththestandardD-2shallbeapprovedbytheAdministration. TheBallastWaterManagementPlan ThisBallastWaterManagementPlanhasbeendevelopedtoprovideguidanceandassistancetothevessel’screwandoperatorsintheeffectualoperationoftheballastwaterexchangesystem. Theaccomplishmentofthisplanenablesthevesseltoprepareforthestepsandproceedingsrequiredwhenconductingballastwaterexchange. SinceBallastwaterexchangeoperationsaremorehazardousthannormalportoperations,vigilantandcalculatedplanninghastobecarriedoutbeforehand. Itisthedutyofthevessel’sMasterandthe“BallastWaterManagementOfficer”,usuallytheChiefOfficertodevelopdetailedmeasuresandprocessesrelatedtotheballastwaterexchange. Allconcernedaretobefamiliarwiththesafetyaspectsofballastwaterexchangeandballastwatermanagementplan,inparticularwiththemethod/sofexchangetobeusedonboardtheirvessel. TheMasterandcrewengagedinballastwaterexchangeatseashouldbeeducatedinandfamiliarwiththefollowing,asappropriate: i)Theapprovedvesselsloadingconditionstobeusedduringballastwaterexchange ii)Thevessel’sballastpumpingandpipingarrangements,positionsofassociatedairandsoundingpipes,positionsofallcompartmentandtanksuctionandpipelinesconnectingthemtothevessel’sballastpumpsand,inthecaseofuseoftheflow-throughmethodofballastwaterexchange,theopeningsusedforthereleaseofwaterfromthetopofthetanktogetherwithoverboarddischargearrangements iii)Themeansofconfirmingthatthesoundingpipesareclearandthatairpipesandnon-returndevicesareingoodorder iv)Thedistancesoffthecoastrequiredtoundertakethevariousballastwaterexchangeoperations.Thiswillalsoincludethetimerequiredtocompleteindividualtanks v)Themethod/stobeusedforballastwaterexchangeatsea,e.g.Flow-through,dilution,etc. vi)Theneedtoincessantlymonitorballastwaterexchangeoperations ThecontentsofaBWMPcanbesummarisedasbelow: 1.Shipspecificparticulars–whichincludesclass,IMOnumber,flagstate,GRT,Maindimensions,totalballastwatercapacity,No.andcapacityofballastpumps,Totalnumberofsegregatedballasttanksonboard,capacities,centresofgravity,max.freesurface,Unitsusedforballastmeasurement,AppointedBWMofficer. 2.PlansanddiagramswhichincludeTankarrangementandcapacities,Apipingdiagramoftheballastsystemandalayoutdiagramoftheballastcontrolsystem,Alistorsetofdiagramsshowingsamplingandaccesspointsinpipelinesandtanks.ThesesamplingpointsaretobeprovidedsoastoenabletheportStateofficersorotherinterestedpartiestoconfirmthataballastwaterexchangehasbeenconductedpriortothedischargeofballastwater. 3.Safetyconsiderations–variouscircumstancesthatmayaffecttheshipsafetyduringtheballastwaterexchangeprocessbutnotlimitedtostabilityconsiderationssuchasminimumrequiredGM,strengthconsiderationssuchasavoidingoverpressurisationoftanks,limitsoflongitudinalandtorsionalstrength,trainingofofficersandcrew 4.Thepreferredmethodormethodsofballastwaterhandling. 5.Dutiesofappointedballastwatermanagementofficer 6.Sedimentmanagement–Residualsofsedimenttakenintheballastwatertankscancontainanassortmentofmicroorganisms,includingrestingstages.Whentanksarelaterfilledwithballastwatertheaccumulatedsedimentandassociatedbiotamaybere-suspendedanddischargedatsubsequentportsofcall. Ballastwatertanksandtheirinternalstructureshouldbedesignedtominimizeaccumulationofsedimentsandallowforeasycleaningandmaintenance,asrequiredbyBWMConvention. ThevolumeofthesettleddownsedimentsshouldberegularlymonitoredandregularlyremovedinaccordancewiththeBallastWaterManagementPlan.Releaseofsedimentsduringthecleaningofballasttanksshouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossible. Thepre-planningofballastwaterexchangeshouldincludethefollowing: establishingwhichtanksaresubjecttoBallastWaterManagement establishingwhichexchangemethodistobetaken calculationofeachintermediatestagewiththeloadinginstrumentonboard(e.g.forsequentialmethod) calculationoftheestimatedtimespan establishinginwhichareasballastwaterexchangeispossible becauseofthepossibilitythatpartialexchangemayencouragere-growthoforganisms,ballastwaterexchangeshouldonly becommencedinanytankifthereissufficienttimetocompletetheexchangeforthattank considerationoflimitationscontainedinthisBallastWaterManagementPlan IfatankcouplewillbeoperatedsimultaneouslywithbothBWpumpsrunning,thetanklevelshavetobecontrolledcontinuouslyandifnecessaryonelinehastobereduced.Inanycase,ithastobeensuredthatasingletankisfilledordischargedbyonlyonepumptoavoidunacceptablehighpressure. EnvironmentalConditions Throughouttheballastwaterexchangeprocess,theMasterhastotakeintoconsiderationthefollowing: 1.Thevessel’spositionincludingtrafficdensity. 2.Weatherforecastsandseacondition. 3.Vessel’sstabilityandloadingconditions. 4.Conditionandperformanceofthevessel’smachineryandmanoeuvrability. Whenitisimperativetoloadballastwateronboard,fewofthefollowingkeypointsmustbekeptinmindtominimisetheuptakeofpotentiallyharmfulaquaticorganismsandpathogensorsedimentscontainingsuchpathogens. areasidentifiedbytheportstateinconnectionwithwarningsprovidedbyportsconcerningballastuptakeandanyotherportcontingencyarrangementsintheeventofemergencysituations indarknesswhenorganismsmayriseupinthewatercolumn inveryshallowwater wherepropellersmaystirupsediment areaswithcurrentlargephytoplanktonblooms(algalbloomssuchasredtides) nearbysewageoutfalls whereatidalstreamisknowntobemoreturbid wheretidalflushingisknowntobepoor inareasclosetoaquaculture wheredredgingisorrecentlyhasbeencarriedout. Inareaswithnaturallyhighlevelsofsuspendedsediments,e.g.rivermouths,anddeltaareas,orinlocationsthathavebeenaffectedsignificantlybysoilerosionfrominlanddrainage. Dutiesoftheballastwatermanagementofficer: ensurethesafetyofthevesselandcrew ensurethatballastwatermanagementproceduresarefollowedandrecorded befamiliarwiththerequirementsofthePortAuthoritieswithrespecttoballastwaterandsedimentmanagement whereballastexchangeisrequired,ensurethatthestepsoftheballastexchangesequencearefollowedinthepreparedorder. ensureadequatepersonnelandequipmentareavailablefortheexecutionoftheplannedballastwatermanagementoperations ensureallrequiredballastwatermanagementrecordsaremaintainedanduptodate,includingtheballastwaterrecordbook whererequired,preparetheappropriatenationalorportballastwaterdeclarationformspriortoarrival assisttheportstatecontrolorquarantineofficersforanysamplingthatmayneedtobetaken undertakefamiliarisationandtrainingofcrewinballastwatermanagementrequirementsandapplicableshipboardsystemsandprocedures otherduties,asspecifiedbythecompany. ensurethatthemanholesofthespecifictanksareopenedpriortocommencementoftheflow-throughmethodorinstead,fortankswithnodirectaccesstoopendecktheventheadsareremoved.Itisalsotheresponsibilityoftheofficertoensurethatthesearere-securedaftercompletionoftheoperation. ItisnecessarythattheballastwatermanagementofficerkeepstheMasteradvisedontheprogressoftheballastwatermanagementoperationsandanyenvisageddeviationsfromtheagreedplan. Recordkeeping Eachprocedureconcerningballastwaterexchangeistobefullyrecordedwithoutdelayintheballastwaterrecordbook(Anintegralpartoftheballastwatermanagementplan). Theserecordsareconsideredtobecriticaltothesuccessoftheballastwatermanagementplananddoleouttoprovidedocumentationthattheballastwaterexchangehasbeenproperlyconductedandtheexchangehasbeencompleted. AlsoincludedshouldbealistthatidentifiesarepresentativelistingofthoseitemsthatmaybeconsideredforinclusionasasectionoftheBallastWaterManagementPlan,asfollows: i)Thelocation(Lat/Long)whereballastwaterexchangeistooccuristobeidentified. ii)Adetailedpositionanddescriptionofthewatertightandweathertightclosures(e.g.,manholes,theopeningofventsandairpipes)whichmayhavebeenopenedduringballastexchangethatmustbere-secured. iii)Descriptionsoftheproceduresrequiredtoconductballastwaterexchangeandtheestimatedvolumeofballastwaterwhichincludesthefollowing: 1.Whenballastwateristakenonboard 2.Wheneverballastwateriscirculatedortreatedforballastwatermanagementpurposes 3.Whenballastwaterisdischargedintothesea 4.Whenballastwaterisdischargedtoareceptionfacility 5.Accidentalorotherexceptionaluptakeordischargeofballastwater 6.Additionaloperationalproceduresandgeneralremarks. Therearecodesprovidedatthebeginningofaballastrecordbook.Allentriesaretobemadeinreferencetothesecodes.Belowattachedisanexampleofrecord-keepingforclearunderstanding. Thepictureaboveshowstheballastsequenceplannedforavessel.Notethetankscontainingballastwater,somepartiallyandsomefully.Factorssuchastrim,stabilityandvisibilityarealltakenintoaccountpriorplanningaballastsequence. AuthorizedPortStateOfficersmayinspecttheballastwaterrecordbookonboardthevesselasameanstodeterminethestatusofexchangecompleted. Theseofficialsmaychoosetomakeacopyoftheentriesintherecordbookandrequirethevessel’sMastertocertifythatthecopyasatruecopy. Anycopysocertifiedmaybepermissibleinanylegalproceedingsasevidenceofthefactsstatedintheentryofballastwatermanagementplan. Itisquiteclearfromtheaboveexplanationthatourultimateaimistopreventpollutioncausedbyballastwaterfromonelocationdischargedtoanotherlocation. ItistobenotedthattheballastwaterexchangestandardsthatareD1istemporaryandsoonerorlaterallshipshavetocomplywiththeperformancestandardsD2,whichimpliesthatallvesselsmusthaveaballasttreatmentplant. ThusitisclearlyunderstoodthatvesselmustcomplywitheitherD1orD2.TheschedulingdeadlineforcompliancewithD2canbesimplifiedasbelow: All-newships(shipsbuiltonorafter8thSeptember2017)mustcomplywithD2performancestandards. Allexistingships(shipsbuiltbefore8thSeptember2017)arerequiredtomeettheD2standardsatthefirstIOPPrenewalsurveyafter8thSeptember2019and AllvesselsmustcomplywithD2standardsbefore8thSeptember2024. SincetheInternationalConventionfortheControlandManagementofShips’BallastWaterandSediments,2004,enteredintoforcegloballyon8September2017,shipsininternationaltrafficarerequiredtomanagetheirballastwaterandsedimentstoacertainstandardandhavetocarryaballastwatermanagementplan,aballastwaterrecordbookandanInternationalBallastWaterManagementCertificate. BallastwatermanagementsystemsmustbeapprovedbytheAdministrationtakingintoaccountIMOGuidelines.Carriageofballastwaterisindispensabletomaintainacceptableloadandtrimconditionsduringaspecificvoyageorasegmentofavoyage. AllguidelinesandBWMPshouldbefollowedduringanyballastexchangetoavoidsignificantadverseimpacttomanyoftheworld’scoastalregions. Propertrainingandfamiliarizationofthevessel’screwareessentialinthemanagementofballastwater. Whenconductingballastwaterexchange,thevessel’sMaster,BallastWaterManagementOfficerandcrewaretomaintainadiligentwatchinordertorespondtopowerfailures,ballastpumporpipefailures,orstructuralfailureswithoutmuchdelay. Youmightalsoliketoread: 10ImportantPointstoComplyWithBallastWaterConvention HowBallastWaterTreatmentSystemWorks? DifferentTechnologiesForBallastWaterTreatment WhatisBallastWaterManagementPlan? Disclaimer: Theauthors’viewsexpressedinthisarticledonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofMarineInsight. Dataandcharts,ifused,inthearticlehavebeensourcedfromavailableinformationandhavenotbeenauthenticatedbyanystatutoryauthority.TheauthorandMarineInsightdonotclaimittobeaccuratenoracceptanyresponsibilityforthesame.Theviewsconstituteonlytheopinionsanddonotconstituteanyguidelinesorrecommendationonanycourseofactiontobefollowedbythereader. Thearticleorimagescannotbereproduced,copied,sharedorusedinanyformwithoutthepermissionoftheauthorandMarineInsight. RelatedPosts BikramSingh BikramPalSingh–isaprofessionalmarinerandblogger.HehassailedextensivelyservingonvariousOiltankersandOffshoreVessels.CurrentlyaChiefOfficer,heenjoysreadingandcompilingnotesaboutcriticalshipboardoperationsandcrewpsychology.Whennotsailing,helovesbackpacking,isanardentadventurerandacertifieddiver. 4Comments THANKS HowcanIfindthelistofcountriesthatrequireballastexchangeandtheoneswhichdonot. Youstate “Whenitisimperativetoloadballastwateronboard,fewofthefollowingkeypointsmustbekeptinmindtominimisetheuptakeofpotentiallyharmfulaquaticorganismsandpathogensorsedimentscontainingsuchpathogens. areasidentifiedbytheportstateinconnectionwithwarningsprovidedbyportsconcerningballastuptakeandanyotherportcontingencyarrangementsintheeventofemergencysituations indarknesswhenorganismsmayriseupinthewatercolumn inveryshallowwater wherepropellersmaystirupsediment areaswithcurrentlargephytoplanktonblooms(algalbloomssuchasredtides) nearbysewageoutfalls whereatidalstreamisknowntobemoreturbid wheretidalflushingisknowntobepoor inareasclosetoaquaculture wheredredgingisorrecentlyhasbeencarriedout. Inareaswithnaturallyhighlevelsofsuspendedsediments,e.g.rivermouths,anddeltaareas,orinlocationsthathavebeenaffectedsignificantlybysoilerosionfrominlanddrainage.” DidyouforgettoputanAinfrontofthewordfew?IfyoupurposelydidnotincludethewordA,youmightwanttoconsiderwhatotherswhohavestudiedthissay. Asfarbackas1996theNationalAcademyofScienceshasrecommendedbestpracticesforBallastWaterManagementarebeneficial.AccordingtoNationalAcademyPress(NationalAcademyPressetal.,1996,pp.1–3)“vesselscouldavoidtakingonballastinportswithhighsedimentloads,inareasofsewagedischarge,orin“hotspots”wherecertainunwantedorganismswereknowntobepresent.Aplanformanagingballastwater,developedinconjunctionwiththeshipcargoplan,wouldassisttheship’smasterinadjustingballastloadinganddischargingneedstomeetconstraintsonballastingintheselocations.Inaddition,arequirementforofficiallogsindicatingwhenandwhereballastwastakenonordischargedwouldbehelpfulforimplementingexisting(andfuture)strategiesformanagingballastwater” Additionally,WHO(WorldHealthOrganization)isinagreementwiththeBPMsasoutlinedintheir2011‘GuidetoShipSanitation’edition.“Insomecases,ballastwatertreatmentsystemshavefailedtoperformasrequired,resultinginunsafesituations.Therefore,relianceshouldnotbeplacedontreatmentandmanagementsystemsalone.Multipleballastmanagementbarriersshouldbeactivelymaintained,including: •fillingwithballastwaterfromsafeenvironmentswhereverpracticable; •matchingballasttreatmentfacilitiestotheirrequiredcapacities; •maintainingsoundpracticesindischargingballastwater. Staffatportsandshipcrewsneedtobeadequatelytrainedintheprotectionoftheenvironment,safeoperation(includingcollection,handlinganddisposalofwastes)andrelevantlegislation.”(BallastWater–GuidetoShipSanitation–NCBIBookshelf,2011) Obviouslyuptakeswithlowerconcentrationwillbecleanedmoreeffectively.Waterswithlowerconcentrationswillhelptoeliminatesludgebuildup,whichwillfacilitateeasiertankcleaning. WhatactiontobetakenisBWTSfailswhileDeBallastingandBallasting LeaveaReplyYouremailaddresswillnotbepublished.Requiredfieldsaremarked*Comment*Name* Email* Website Δ Scrolltotop Scrolltotop ToggleMenuClose Searchfor: Search