Constatives & performatives - SlideShare

Distiction betweeen Constative and Performative Group-SAA Shahnawaz shahid Ali Furqan Syed Abdul Rauf Lahore InstItute of future educatIon, Lahore. SlideShareusescookiestoimprovefunctionalityandperformance,andtoprovideyouwithrelevantadvertising.Ifyoucontinuebrowsingthesite,youagreetotheuseofcookiesonthiswebsite.SeeourUserAgreementandPrivacyPolicy. SlideShareusescookiestoimprovefunctionalityandperformance,andtoprovideyouwithrelevantadvertising.Ifyoucontinuebrowsingthesite,youagreetotheuseofcookiesonthiswebsite.SeeourPrivacyPolicyandUserAgreementfordetails. Upload Home Explore Login Signup Successfullyreportedthisslideshow. Activateyour30dayfreetrial tounlockunlimitedreading. Constatives&performatives 21 Share AliFurqanSyed • Mar.07,2016 • 21likes • 30,251views DownloadNow Download NextSlideShares Youarereadingapreview. Activateyour30dayfreetrial tocontinuereading. ContinueforFree UpcomingSlideShare constativevsperformatives Loadingin…3 × Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Size(px) Starton ShowrelatedSlideSharesatend Share Email     Topclippedslide 1 1of16 Constatives&performatives Mar.07,2016 • 21likes • 30,251views 21 Share DownloadNow Download Downloadtoreadoffline AliFurqanSyed Follow LectureratGlobalInstituteLahore constativevsperformatives AliFurqanSyed Pragmatics CupidLucid Weekofmay17th ReginaNavejar Cooperativeprinciple DiyarMustafa Englishgrammar-yharilovesu YhariLovesu Speechactsandspeechevent JahanzebJahan Dinabudiartimaulidiaclause DinaBudiarti Rzeszovlingpragmatics 云珍邓 Hxe302speechacts(1) MuhammadAlFateh GRAMMARII.CLAUSES AdelaPerezdelViso constativevsperformatives AliFurqanSyed Pragmatics CupidLucid Weekofmay17th ReginaNavejar Cooperativeprinciple DiyarMustafa Englishgrammar-yharilovesu YhariLovesu Speechactsandspeechevent JahanzebJahan Dinabudiartimaulidiaclause DinaBudiarti Rzeszovlingpragmatics 云珍邓 Hxe302speechacts(1) MuhammadAlFateh GRAMMARII.CLAUSES AdelaPerezdelViso MoreRelatedContent YouMightAlsoLike Pragmaticsintrotolinguistic UlilFauziyah Speechactstheoryinsociolinguistics AseelK.Mahmood speechacttheoryinsemantics AseelK.Mahmood Termpaperofpragmaticspresupposition MuhammadSajjadRaja Week3bymamsamina AbdullahSaleem Speechactsandevents YophiGimbal RelativeCharity form_phil Whatispragmatics InezAulia SPEECHACTTHEORY AliSoomro Speechacts ElifGüllübudak Semactics:UtteranceMeaning PhiPham Interpersonalmeaning JanetTibaldo pragmaticsspeechacttheorypromises,felicityconditions SajidAli Speechacts alejandrodn1981 Pragmatics MianAbdulRahman1 PRAGMATICS:SPEECHACTS A.TenryLawangenAspatColle Conditionals FatimahAlhadean SpeechActTheory AqsaGilani1 smstextanalysisbyafsyed AliFurqanSyed TheEssenceofCross1 AliFurqanSyed AssignmentonSapirzdefinitaionoflanguage AliFurqanSyed JohnLocketheoryofknowledge AliFurqanSyed articlereviewbyalifurqansyed AliFurqanSyed WhattoUploadtoSlideShare SlideShare BeAGreatProductLeader(Amplify,Oct2019) AdamNash TrillionDollarCoachBook(BillCampbell) EricSchmidt APIdaysParis2019-Innovation@scale,APIsasDigitalFactories'NewMachi... apidays Afewthoughtsonworklife-balance WimVanderbauwhede Isvcstillathingfinal MarkSuster TheGaryVeeContentModel GaryVaynerchuk MammalianBrainChemistryExplainsEverything LorettaBreuning,PhD Blockchain+AI+CryptoEconomicsAreWeCreatingaCodeTsunami? 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Distictionbetweeen Constativeand Performative Group-SAA Shahnawazshahid AliFurqanSyed AbdulRauf LahoreInstItuteoffutureeducatIon,Lahore 2. 3 Overview Introduction Constatives FunctionsofConstativeUtterence ProblemConstatives Performatives ImplicitvsExplicitPerformatives FunctionsofPerformativeUtterance HappyPerformatives UnhappyPerformatives Conclusin References 3. 4 DistictionbetweenConstative andPerformative Introduction J.LAustin(1962) HowtoDoThingsWithWords(BookName) “howtobridgethegapbetweenlanguageandreality” Austintellsusatthebeginningofhisfamous1955 Harvardlectures,publishedinhisbook,‘HowtoDo ThingswithWords’.Austinbeginshislecturesby politelyremarkingupona"mistake"thatacertain traditionalphilosophicalattitudetowardlanguageis guiltyof. 4. 5 Conti... Thismistakearisesfromtheviewthatlanguageis preeminentlythetoolofconstativeassertion,thatis,a toolprimarilyinterestedinprovidingstatements abouttheworld,whicharecharacterizableaseither trueorfalse. Austinproposesasecondcategoryofutterancesthat arenotsubjecttothetruth/falsityconditionsof propositionalknowledge.Rather,theseexistasactsin themselves,thatis--asAustindubsthemas performatives. 5. 6 Constatives Thesearecertainutteranceswhichdonotdenoteanaction. Theydonotcontainaperformativeverbthatwoulddirect theotherpartytoperformanaction.AsAustinsays, theseconstativesareusedonlyindescriptionsand assertionse.g.somebodymaysaythat"thewindowis open". ThesecontainfollowingCharacteristics: describeorreportsomething aretrueorfalse utteringaconstativeis"just"sayingsomething 6. 7 FunctionsOfconstative Utterance Aconstativeutteranceperformsthefollowing functions: Itconveysamessage; Thatmessagecanbecomparedtothe"realworld"and declaredtrueorfalse Afailedconstativeisfalse,unclear,orvoidofreference(that is,thethingit'stalkingaboutdoesn'texist). Example: “Ali'scatManoisremarkablyhandsome,"ifclear criteriaforhandsomenesshavebeenestablished,andwe confirmthatManomeetsthem. 7. 8 ProblemConstatives FalseStatement Example:She'stheredheadwho'smissingatooth."Oops. Shechangedherhaircolorbeforewemadethisstatement; thefactsrenderitfalse. UnclearSentences(Notproperlyconfirmed) Example:"Ihaveforgottenmyumbrella,"whenscrawledon themarginsofadeadphilosopher'snotes;"That'sunfair," whenit'snotclearwhat"that"is,orwhyIobjecttoit. Nonexistenceofreferent Example:"ThekingofFranceisbald."Thereferent--theking ofFrance--doesn'texist. 8. 9 Performatives Austinarguesthat,insteadofsayingsomethinga speakermaybedoingsomethingorbeperformingan action,iscalledaperformative. Examples: giveorderorcommands,getmarried,baptize, excommunicate,appointsomebodyinacertainsocialor professionalposition,makebets,invitations,offersand promises,congratulate,warn,apologize,threaten, curse,protest,toast,thankandbless. 9. 10 ImplicitPerformativesvs ExplicitPerformatives Implicitperformmative whatthespeakerhasinmindbysayingitisnotspecifically indicated Example: ‘Don’tsaythat!’,isimplicitbecauseofitsimplicitness,thesentence canbe,dependingontheparalinguisticorkineticcuesgivenby thespeaker,andonthepowerorstatusrelationshipbetween thespeakerandhearer,awarning,acommand,arequestora pieceofadvice. ExplicitPerformatives Aspeakerhastoindicatethespeechactinvolvedbyinsertingthe performativeverbbeforetheclause Example: ‘Iwarnyounottosaythat’,‘Iorderyounottosaythat‘,‘Iadvise younottosaythat’,and‘Iforbidyoutosaythat’,etc. 10. 11 Conti... Ashortlistofperformativeverbsmaycomprise: abolish,accept,acknowledge,acquit,admit,admonish, advise,affirm,agreeto,announce,answer,apologize, ascribe,ask,assert,assess,assume,authorize,baptize, beg,bet,bid,caution,charge,christen,claim,classify, command,commiserate,compliment,concur, congratulate,convict,counsel,declare,delegate,demand, deny,describe,diagnose,disagree,donate,dub,excuse, exempt,fire,forbid,grant,guarantee,guess,hireetc 11. 12 FunctionsofPerformative Utterance donotdescribeorreport Example: IwishyouAHappyBirthday arenottrueorfalse (rather,arefelicitousorinfelicitous) Example: Ibetyoutwopoundsitwillraintomorrow utteringaperformativeisnot"just"sayingsomething(it isdoingsomething) Example: Inowdeclarethemeetingopen. 12. 13 HappyPerformativevs UnhappyPerformatives HappyPerformatives(Wellchosenand appropriate) "IpromisetocometoyourBallParty,"whenspokenby someonewhohasbeeninvited,tothehostofa scheduledparty. UnhappyPerformatives(NotwellChosenand Inappropriate) "IpromisetocometoyourBallParty,"spokentoseveral hostssuccessivelybyamendaciousinvitee. 13. 14 Conclusion Inconclusion,wecanreferbacktoourinitialsuggestionthat performativesarenotsimplythepolaroppositeof constatives.Aswehaveseen,Austinhimselftookcarenotto reducethetwotypesofspeechactstoasimplecaseofbinary opposition.ButAustin'shypothesis,Ihaveargued,isnot radicalenough.Hisperformative-constativedistinctionis betterexplainedalonggeneticlines,wheretheperformative isunderstoodastheconditionofpossibilityformore specializedconstativespeechacts. 14. 15 References Austin.J.L.HowtoDoThingswithWords.1962.2nded. Cambridge:HarvardUP,1975. http://lib.uinmalang.ac.id/files/thesis/fullchapter/05320113.pdf YULE,G.(1996):Pragmatics,Oxford,OxfordUniversityPress. ELENALOPEZALVERZ:PerformativeSpeechActVerbsinPresent DayEnglish,UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid. 15. ThankYou…. allahhafiz… 16 Editor'sNotes Theexampleusesconversationalvocabularyandgraphicdevices(thedots)tosimulateconversationandcreateadramaticpause. Theexampleusesconversationalvocabularyandgraphicdevices(thedots)tosimulateconversationandcreateadramaticpause.Lexicaldensity:Amoreconversationalrecastingoftheeventsreportedintheheadline,suchasDidyouhearaboutDi’sbutler–theonewhowearsoldtrainers–he’sresigning,Tense:TheLongmanGrammarofSpokenandWrittenEnglish(LGSWE:455)pointsoutthatthesimplepresentisoftenusedtorefertoafutureeventwhichis‘felttobefixedandcertainatthetimeofspeech’.However,nearlyalloccurrencesofpresenttensereferringtofuturetimeoccurinoneoftworelatedgrammaticalcontexts–eitherwithanaccompanyingtimeadverbialthatexplicitlyrefertothefuture,orinaconditionalortemporaladverbialclausethathasfuturetimereference.Itwouldbeunusualforsomeoneinconversationtoreportaneventwhichisabouttohappen/hashappenedusingthistense. 21likes × MaryMares Nov.26,2021 Ilikethisservice⇒www.HelpWriting.net⇐fromAcademicWriters.Idon'thaveenoughtimewriteitbymyself. HifzaYumna Oct.23,2021 GullNoor4 Jun.13,2021 arifkhan661 Jan.23,2021 SomayehMardani Sep.21,2020 ShowMore Views × Totalviews 30,251 OnSlideShare 0 FromEmbeds 0 NumberofEmbeds 11 Youhavenowunlockedunlimitedaccessto20M+documents! × UnlimitedReading Learnfasterandsmarterfromtopexperts UnlimitedDownloading Downloadtotakeyourlearningsofflineandonthego YoualsogetfreeaccesstoScribd! Instantaccesstomillionsofebooks,audiobooks,magazines,podcastsandmore. Readandlistenofflinewithanydevice. FreeaccesstopremiumserviceslikeTuneln,Mubiandmore. DiscoverMoreOnScribd × ShareClipboard × Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Link Publicclipboardsfeaturingthisslide × Nopublicclipboardsfoundforthisslide Selectanotherclipboard × Lookslikeyou’veclippedthisslidetoalready. Createaclipboard Youjustclippedyourfirstslide! Clippingisahandywaytocollectimportantslidesyouwanttogobacktolater.Nowcustomizethenameofaclipboardtostoreyourclips. 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