International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects

International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects · AmE, American English · AuE, Australian English · BahE, Bahamian English · BarE, Barbadian English · CaE ... InternationalPhoneticAlphabetchartforEnglishdialects FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Thisarticlehasmultipleissues.Pleasehelpimproveitordiscusstheseissuesonthetalkpage.(Learnhowandwhentoremovethesetemplatemessages) Thisarticlepossiblycontainsoriginalresearch.Pleaseimproveitbyverifyingtheclaimsmadeandaddinginlinecitations.Statementsconsistingonlyoforiginalresearchshouldberemoved.(May2018)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) ThisarticleneedsattentionfromanexpertinLinguistics.Pleaseaddareasonoratalkparametertothistemplatetoexplaintheissuewiththearticle.WikiProjectLinguisticsmaybeabletohelprecruitanexpert.(May2018) ThisarticlemayneedtoberewrittentocomplywithWikipedia'squalitystandards.Youcanhelp.Thetalkpagemaycontainsuggestions.(April2019) ForthehelppageregardingIPAforEnglishonWikipediapages,seeHelp:IPA/English.ForaguidetoaddingIPAcharacterstoWikipediaarticles,see{{IPA-endia}}andWikipedia:ManualofStyle/Pronunciation§ EnteringIPAcharacters. (Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) ThisarticlecontainsphonetictranscriptionsintheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA).ForanintroductoryguideonIPAsymbols,seeHelp:IPA.Forthedistinctionbetween[ ],/ /and⟨ ⟩,seeIPA§ Bracketsandtranscriptiondelimiters. ThischartshowsthemostcommonapplicationsoftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)torepresentEnglishlanguagepronunciations. SeePronunciationrespellingforEnglishforphonetictranscriptionsusedindifferentdictionaries. AmE,AmericanEnglish AuE,AustralianEnglish BahE,BahamianEnglish BarE,BarbadianEnglish CaE,CanadianEnglish CIE,ChannelIslandEnglish EnE,EnglishEnglish FiE,FijiEnglish InE,IndianEnglish IrE,IrishEnglish NZE,NewZealandEnglish PaE,PalauanEnglish ScE,ScottishEnglish SIE,SolomonIslandsEnglish SAE,SouthAfricanEnglish SSE,StandardSingaporeEnglish WaE,WelshEnglish Contents 1Chart 2Seealso 3Notes 4References Chart[edit] ThischartgivesapartialsystemofdiaphonemesforEnglish.Thesymbolsforthediaphonemesaregiveninbold,followedbytheirmostcommonphoneticvalues.Forthevowels,aseparatephoneticvalueisgivenforeachmajordialect,andwordsusedtonamecorrespondinglexicalsetsarealsogiven.ThediaphonemesandlexicalsetsgivenherearebasedonRPandGeneralAmerican;theyarenotsufficienttoexpressallofthedistinctionsfoundinotherdialects,suchasAustralianEnglish. Englishconsonants Dia-phoneme[1] Phones Examples p pʰ,p pen,spin,tip b b,b̥ but,web t tʰ,t,ɾ,ʔ[2] two,sting,bet d d,d̥,ɾ[3] do,daddy,odd tʃ tʃʰ,tʃ chair,nature,teach dʒ dʒ,d̥ʒ̊ gin,joy,edge k kʰ,k cat,kill,skin,queen,unique,thick ɡ ɡ,ɡ̊ go,get,beg f f fool,enough,leaf,off,photo v v,v̥ voice,have,of,verve θ θ,t̪,f[4] thing,teeth ð ð,ð̥,d̪,v[5] this,breathe,father s s see,city,pass z z,z̥ zoo,rose ʃ ʃ she,sure,session,emotion,leash ʒ ʒ,ʒ̊ genre,pleasure,beige,equation,seizure h h,ɦ,[6]ç[7] ham,hue m m,ɱ[8] man,ham n n no,tin ŋ ŋ ringer,sing,[9]finger,drink l l,ɫ,[10]l̥,ɫ̥,[11]ɤ,o,[12] left,bell,sable,please r ɹʷ,ɹ,ɾ,[13]r,[14]ɻ,ɹ̥ʷ,ɹ̥,ɾ̥,ɻ̊,[11]ʋ[15] run,very,probably w w,ʍ[11] we,queen j j yes,nyala hw ʍ,w[16] what Marginalconsonants x x,χ,k,kʰ,h,ɦ,ç loch(Scottish),[17]ugh[18] ʔ ʔ uh-oh ɬ ɬ,l[19] Llangefni Englishvowelsanddiphthongs Dia-phoneme[1] AmE AuE[20][21] BahE BarE CaE[22] CIE EnE FiE InE[23] IrE[24] NZE[25][26] PaE ScE[27] SIE SAE[28][29] SSE WaE[30] Keyword Examples AAVE Bostonaccent CajunEnglish GeneralAmerican[31][32][25] InlandNorthernAmericanEnglish Mid-Atlanticaccent Mid-AtlanticAmericanEnglish NewYorkaccent SouthernAmericanEnglish Cockney Geordie RP[33][34] Scouse UlsterEnglish West&South-WestIrelandEnglish DublinEnglish SupraregionalsouthernIrishEnglish AbercrafEnglish PortTalbotEnglish CardiffEnglish Non-Rhotic Rhotic Older Younger Non-Rhotic Older Rhotic Older Non-Rhotic Rhotic Cultivated General Broad Conservative Contemporary Belfast Mid-Ulster traditional UlsterScots LocalDublinEnglish NewDublinEnglish Cultivated General Broad Cultivated General Broad æ ɛː~ɛə̯~eə̯ eə̯~ɛə̯[35] æ eə̯~ɛə̯~æ[35] eə̯~ɪə̯ æ æə̯~ɛə̯~eə̯[35] ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯[35] æɛæ~eə eə̯~æjə[35] æː[36] aː~æː[36] æː~ɛː[36] æ~a a æ~ɛə̯[35] æ æ~ɛ~ɛɪ a æ a a æ æ~ɛ äː~a æ a æ~a æ ɛ ɛ̝ æ ä ɑ~æ æ a~æ æ~ɛ~e̞ ɛ[37] a aː[36] aː~æː[36] TRAP ham æ~ɛː~ɛə̯ æ~ɛə̯ æ~ɛə̯ æ æ~æɛæ~ɐɛɐ æ~æjə~æ̠ɛæ̠ æ~a bad æ æ,ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯[35] æ a~æ æ~ɛ æ~ɛ a a~æ lad ɑː/æ ä~a a æə̯~ɛə̯~eə̯[35] ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯[35] æɛ~æe äː äː~ɐː aː ɑː ɑ̟ː a~ɑ äː æː~aː aː ɐː~äː ɑ ɑ̟ː ɑː ɒː~ɔː ä[38] BATH pass ɑː a~ä~ɑ a~ä ɑ ɑ~ä a~ä ɑː ɑ ɑ~ä ɑ ɑ ɒ~ɑ ɒː~ɑː aː~ɑː aː äː~ɑː ɑː ɑː aː aː~æː PALM father ɒ ɒ~ɑ ɒ ɒ ɒ~ɔ ɒ~ɑ ɒ ɒ~ɔ ɒ ɒ ɔ ɒ ɔ ɔ~ɒ~ä ɒ~ɑ~ä äː ɔː ä ɑ~ɒ~ɔ ɑ ɒ~ɔ ɑ ɔ ɒ̈ ɒ̈~ʌ̈ ɒ̈ ɔ ɒ ɑ̟ LOT not ɒ/ɔː ɒ(ɔ̯)~ɔ(ʊ̯) a ɒ~ɔ~ɑ[39] ɒ~ɑ ɔə̯~ɒ̝ə̯ ɔə̯~oə̯~ʊə̯ ɔo̯~ɑɒ̯ ɑɒ̯~ɑ ɔ ɒː ɒː o̞ː ɒː aː~ä ɔː ɒ ɒ̈,o̞ː ɒ̈~ʌ̈,oː ɒ̈,oː CLOTH off[40] ɔː ɔː o̞ː oː ɒː~ɑː oː~ɔː ɔː~ɔ̝ə~ɔuə ɔː oː o̞ː ɔː~ɒː ɒː~ɔː~oː ɒː oː o̞ː oː ɒː ʌ̈ː THOUGHT law oː~oʊ~ɔo pause ə ə ə~ɐ ə ɐ~a ə ə ə ə~ɐ ə ə[41] ə COMMA about ɪ ɪ~iə̯ ɪ~ɪ̞~ɪ̈ ɪ ɪ̞ ɪ~ɪ̈ ɪ ɪ~ɪjə~iə̯ ɪ ɪ~i i ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ̞ ɪ ɪ̈~ë ə~ɘ ɛ ɪ ɪ̈ ɪ ɪ~ë̞~ə~ʌ ɪ ɪ ɪ̈[41] ɪ~i ɪ ɪ̞ KIT bit ɪ[41] i[41] kit i i ɪ~i ɪi̯~i ɪ~ɪ̈ i ɪi̯~i ɪ ɪi̯ ɪi̯~əi̯ iː i iː~i i ɪi̯ i i iː e iː ɪi̯ ɪi̯~əi̯ i e~ɪ~i i iː i iː HAPPY city iː i iː iː~ɪi ɪi̯~i ɪi̯~i ɪi̯ ɪi̯~iː əi~ɐi iː,ei̯ ɪi̯ iː,ɪ̈i̯~ɪ̈ɪ̯ iː ɪi̯ iː i iː FLEECE see eɪ eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ eɪ̯ eː eɪ̯~e eɪ̯ eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ ɛɪ~ei ɛi̯~æ̠i̯ ɛɪ̯ æɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ ɐɪ̯~äɪ̯ eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ eɪ̯~eː~ɛ eɪ̯ æɪ~aɪ eː~eɪ̯~ɪə̯ e̞ɪ̯ ɛɪ̯ eɪ̯ eː eː~ɪː,eə̯~ɪə̯ eː eː~eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ ɛɪ̯ æe̯~ɐe̯ ɐe̯ eɪ̯~eː e eɪ̯~eː eɪ̯ eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯~æɪ̯ æɪ̯~äɪ̯~ʌɪ̯ e[42] eː ei̯ FACE date eɪ̯ day ɛ ɛ~eə̯ ɛ ɛ~æ ɛ ɛ~ɜ ɛ~e ɛ ɛ~eiə ɛ~ɛjə e̞ e̞~e e~e̝ ɛ e,eɪ~eə~ɛɪ ɛ e̞ ɛ ɛ̝ə̯ ɛ e̞ e~e̝ e̝ ɛ e̞ e~e̝ ɛ,e[43] ɛ DRESS bed[44] ɪ~iə̯ ɪ ɪ~ɪjə~iə̯ ɛ pen i length ʌ ʌ~ɜ ʌ~ɐ ʌ ʌ~ɜ~ɐ ʌ~ɔ ɐ ʌ ʌ̈ ɜ ä~ɐ ʌ ʌ~ɜ~ɐ ʌ~ɔ ɐ̟~a ʊ̞~ɤ ɐ ɜ~ʌ̟~ɑ̟[45] ʊ ʌ~ɐ ə~ɜ~ɐ ɞ~ʌ̈ ʌ̈~ʊ ʊ ɤ~ʊ ʌ̈~ʊ ɐ~ä ʌ ʌ~ɐ ɐ~ä ä ə~ɜ STRUT run ʊ ʊ~ɵ~ø̞ ʊ ʊ̞ ʊ ʊ̈~ʏ ʊ ʊ~u u ʊ ʊ,ʊ̈ ʊ ɵ ʊ ʉ ʊ̈ ʊ ʊ ʊ~ʊ̈ ʊ ʉ ʊ ʊ~ɵ ʊ~u ʊ ɘ FOOT put ʉː~ʊ uː~ʊ hood uː ʊu̯~u u~ʊu̯~ɵu̯ u u̟~ʊu̯~ʉu̯~ɵu̯ u~ɵu̯ uː ʉu̯ u~ʊu̯~ɤʊ̯~ɤu̯ ʊu~ɵu~ʊ̈y~ʏy~ʉ̞u̟ ʊu̯ ʊ̈ʉ̯ ʊ̈ʉ̯~əʉ̯ ʉː uː ʉu̯ uː~ʉ əʉ~ʉː~ɨː~ʊː u̟ː~ʉː,ɵʊ̯ ʊu̯ ʊ̈ʉ̯ ʉː,ɪ̈u̯~ɪ̈ʊ̯ u uː uː ʊ̈ʉ̯ u u u̟ː ʉː~yː ʉː u uː GOOSE through ɪu̯[46] threw juː (j)ʊu̯~(j)u (j)u~(j)ʊu̯~(j)ɵu̯ (j)u̟~(j)ʊu̯~(j)ʉu̯~(j)ɵu̯ (j)u~(j)ɵu̯ juː (j)ʉu̯ (j)u~(j)ʊu̯~(j)ɤʊ̯~(j)ɤu̯ jʊu~jɵu~jʊ̈y~jʏy~jʉ̞u̟ (j)ʊu~(j)ɵu~(j)ʊ̈y~(j)ʏy~(j)ʉ̞u̟ jʊu̯ jʊ̈ʉ̯ jʊ̈ʉ̯~jəʉ̯ jʉː juː (j)ʉu̯ juː~jʉ jəʉ~jʉː~jɨː~jʊː ju̟ː~jʉː,jɵʊ̯ jʊu̯ jʊ̈ʉ̯ jʉː,jɪ̈u̯~jɪ̈ʊ̯ ju juː jʉ jʊ̈ juː jʊ̈ʉ̯ ju jʉ ju ju̟ː jʉː~jyː jʉː ju cute aɪ äɪ̯ ɐi̯[47] ɑɪ̯~aː ʌɪ̯~ɜɪ̯~ɐɪ̯[47] äɪ̯ ɐɪ̯ äɪ̯ ɐi~äɪ~äɛ äɪ̯ ɑ̟e̯~ɑe̯ ɑe̯~ɒe̯ ɑɪ̯ ʌɪ̯ ʌɪ̯~ɜɪ̯~ɐɪ̯[47] aɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~ɒɪ̯ ɑɪ~ɒɪ~ɑ̟ə~ɑ̟ː äi̯ äɪ̯ ɑ̟ɪ̯ aɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~aː ɐe̯ äɪ̯ ɐi̯~ɜi̯[47] æɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ əɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ ɑɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ aɪ̯~ɑɪ̯ ɑ̟ɪ̯ ɑe̯ ɒe̯ ɑɪ̯ ɜi̯,äe̯ ɑɪ̯ äɪ̯ äɪ̯~äː ɑɪ̯~ɑ̟ː ai̯ ɐ̟ɪ̯ ɜɪ̯ ɜi̯ PRICE flight äː~äe̯~aː äɪ̯ äɪ̯ aɪ̯~ae̯~æɪ̯ äɪ̯ ɑɪ̯~ɒɪ̯~äɪ̯ äː~äɛ ɑɪ̯ äe̯~ɜi̯ my ɔɪ oɪ̯ ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ ɔɪ̯ ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ ɔɪ̯ ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ ɔoɪ oi̯ o̞ɪ̯ oɪ̯ oɪ̯~ɑɪ̯ oɪ̯~ʌɪ̯ ɔɪ̯ ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ ɔ̝ɪ~oɪ oe̯ ɔɪ̯ oɪ̯ ɔɪ̯ əɪ̯~ɑɪ̯ aɪ̯~äɪ̯ ɒɪ̯~oɪ̯ ɒɪ̯ oɪ̯ oe̯ ɔɪ̯ oi̯ ɔɪ̯ ɔɪ̯~ɒɪ̯ ɔɪ̯ ɔi̯ ɔɪ̯ ɒɪ̯ ʌ̈i̯ CHOICE boy oʊ ʌʊ̯~ɔʊ̯ oʊ̯~ɔʊ̯ oː o̞ʊ̯~ʌʊ̯~ɔʊ̯~o̞ ʌo̯~oʊ̯~o oʊ̯ ɘʊ̯~ɜʊ̯ oʊ̯~ʌ̈ʊ̯ ɔu~ɒu ɜʊ~ɜʊ̈~ɜʏ ɵ̞ʊ̯ ɜʉ̯~ɐʉ̯ ɐʉ̯~äʉ̯ oʊ̯~ɵʊ̯ oː~oə̯ oʊ̯ əʊ̯ æ̈ɤ̈~æ̈ɤ̝̈~ɐɤ̈~ɐɤ̝̈~æ̈ʊ~ɐʊ~aʊ~ɐø~œ̈ø~ʌ̈ː~œ̈ oː~ʊə̯~ɵː əʊ̯ əʉ̯ ɛʉ̯~ɛʊ̯~eʉ̯~eʊ̯~əʉ̯~əʊ̯ oː ʌo̯~ʌɔ̯ əʊ̯ oʊ̯~əʊ̯ ɵʊ̯ ɜʉ̯~ɐʉ̯ ɐʉ̯ oː~oʊ̯ o̝ oː~oʊ̯ ɛʊ̯~œʊ̯ œʉ̯~œɤ̯̈~œː ʌʊ̯ o[42] oː ɘu̯ GOAT no ou̯ oʊ̯ tow oː~oʊ̯ ɔu̯ ɒʊ̯~ɔʊ̯ ɒʊ~ɔo~aɤ ɔʊ̯ ɔo̯ soul aʊ æɔ̯~æə̯ ɐʊ̯[47] aʊ̯~aː aʊ̯~æʊ̯ äʊ̯~ɐʊ̯ ɑʊ̯ æʊ̯~ɛɔ̯ aʊ̯~æʊ̯ æɒ~æɔ æɒ̯~ɛjɔ äʊ̯ aɔ̯~ao̯~æɔ̯~æo̯ æo̯~æə̯~ɛo̯~ɛə̯ ao̯~ɑə̯~aɵ~aɛ̯ ʌʊ̯ ʌʊ̯~ɜʊ̯[47] aʊ̯ æʊ~æə~æː~aː~æiə äu̯~æu̯~ɛu̯~əu̯~uː ɑ̟ʊ̯ aʊ̯ aɔ̯ äʊ̯ ɐʏ̯~ɜʉ̯ ɐʊ̯~ʌʊ̯ ɛʊ̯ aʊ̯~ɛʊ̯ aʊ̯ æo̯ ɛo̯~ɛə̯ ɑʊ̯ ɜʉ̯ ɑʊ̯ äʊ̯ äː æʊ̯ au̯ ɐu̯ ɜʊ̯ ɑ̟u̯ MOUTH about aʊ̯ äʊ̯~ɑʊ̯ now ɑːr ɑ(ɹ)~ɒ(ɹ) ɑɹ~ɒɹ a(ɹ)~ä(ɹ) ɑ(ɹ)~a(ɹ) ɑɹ äɻ~ɐɻ ɑː(ɹ) ɑɹ ɒə̯(ɹ) äə̯(ɹ) ɑɹ~ɒɹ ɑː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ) ɑɹ~ɒɹ äː(ɹ) äː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) ɑː(ɹ) aːɹ ɑɹ~ɐɹ ɑː(ɾ) ɑː(ɹ) ɒː(ɾ)~ɑː(ɹ) ɑ̟ː(ɹ) aː(ɾ)~ɑː(ɾ) ɑː(ɹ) äː(ɾ) ɑɻ æːɹ~aɹ äːɹ~ɑɹ ɐː(ɹ)~äː(ɹ) ɑɹ äɾ ɑː(ɾ) ɑ̟ː(ɹ) ɑː(ɹ) ɒː(ɾ)~ɔː(ɾ) ä(ɹ) aː(ɾ) aː(ɹ)~æː(ɹ) START arm ɪər iə̯(ɹ)~iɤ̯(ɹ) iɹ ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɪɐ̯(ɹ) i(ɹ)~ɪ(ɹ) ɪɹ~iɹ iɻ~iə̯ɻ ɪə̯(ɹ) iɹ ɪə̯(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) ɪɹ~iɹ i(ɹ) iɹ ɪə̯(ɹ) ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~iː(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) iː(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) iə̯(ɹ)~eə̯(ɹ) eːɹ ɪɹ iə̯(ɾ)~ɪə̯(ɾ) iə(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~ɪiɐ(ɹ) iɐ̯(ɹ) ɪə̯(ɹ) ɪː(ɹ)~ɪə̯(ɹ) iɛ̯(ɾ) ɪə̯(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) ɪə̯(ɾ)~iː(ɾ) iːɹ ɪə̯(ɹ) ɪə̯(ɹ)[48] ɪɹ~iɹ iə̯ɾ ɪə̯(ɾ)~iə̯(ɾ) ɪə̯(ɹ) ɪə̯(ɾ)~ɪː(ɾ) iə̯(ɹ) iːə(ɾ)~jøː(ɾ) iːə(ɹ)~jøː(ɹ) NEAR deer ɛər ɛə̯(ɹ) ɛɹ ɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛɐ̯(ɹ) ɛ(ɹ)~æ(ɹ) ɛɹ eə̯ɻ~eɻ ɛə̯(ɹ) eɹ ɛə̯(ɹ)~eə̯(ɹ) ɛɹ~eɹ ɛ(j)(ɹ) e̞ɹ~ɛ(j)ɹ e̞ə̯(ɹ) e̞ː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ) eː(ɹ)~e̝ː(ɹ) eə̯(ɹ) ɛɹ ɛə̯(ɾ) ɛ̝ə(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~ɛiə(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ) ɛə̯(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ)~ɛə̯(ɹ)[49] ɪː(ɾ)~eː(ɾ)~ëː(ɾ)~ɛː(ɾ)~ɛ̈ː(ɾ)~œː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ)~ɘː(ɾ)~ɜː(ɾ)~ɵː(ɾ) ɛə̯(ɹ) ɛə̯(ɾ)~eː(ɾ) ɚː ɛːɹ eːɹ e̞ə̯(ɹ) ɛɹ eə̯ɾ ɛə̯(ɾ)~ɛɐ̯(ɾ) ɛə̯(ɹ) ɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ) eː(ɾ)~e̝ː(ɾ) ɛ(ɹ) ɛː(ɾ) ɛː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ) SQUARE mare ɜːr ɚ ɚ əː(ɹ) ɚ ʌə(ɹ)~ʌɹ ɚ ɚ~əɻ ɜː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ) ɚ ɚ əɪ̯ ɚ ɜ(ɹ) ɚ~ɐɹ əː(ɹ) əː(ɹ)~ɘː(ɹ) ɘː(ɹ)~ɵː(ɹ) ə(ɹ)~ɜ(ɹ)~ɜi̯(ɹ) ɤ ɚ əː(ɾ) ɜː(ɹ)~ɜ̟ː(ɹ)~œ̈ː(ɹ) øː(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ) əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) əː(ɹ) əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) ɜː(ɾ)~äɾ ɚː ɚː[50] ɚː ʊːɹ[50] ɚː ɵː(ɹ) ɚ ʌɾ[50] əː(ɾ)~ɐː(ɾ) əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) ø̈ː(ɹ)~ø̞̈ː(ɹ) ø̈ː(ɾ)~ø̞̈ː(ɾ) ə(ɹ) əː(ɾ) øː(ɾ) øː(ɹ) NURSE burn ɪɾ~ʌɾ[50] bird əɹ ɛːɹ[50] ɛːɹ[50] ɛɾ[50] earth ər ə(ɹ) ə(ɹ) ə(ɹ) ə(ɹ) ə(ɹ) ɚ ə(ɹ) œ(ɾ)~ə(ɾ) ə(ɹ)~ɐ(ɹ) ə(ɹ) ə(ɾ) ɐ(ɹ)~a(ɹ) ə(ɾ) ɚ ə(ɹ) əɾ ə(ɾ)~ɐ(ɾ) ə(ɹ) ə(ɾ) ə(ɾ) ə(ɹ) LETTER winner[51] ʌə(ɹ)~ʌɹ donor ɔːr oə̯(ɹ)~ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɔo̯(ɹ) oɹ ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɒə̯(ɹ)~ɒ(ɹ) ɔə(ɹ)~ɔɹ ɔɹ~oɹ ɔɻ~oɻ ɔə̯(ɹ) oɹ~ɔɹ oɐ̯(ɹ)~ɔə̯(ɹ) oɹ~ɔɹ ɔə̯(ɹ) ɔɹ o̞ː(ɹ) oː(ɹ) ɔə̯(ɹ) ɒːɹ~ɑːɹ ɔɹ ɑː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ) ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ə(ɹ)~ɔuə(ɹ),oː(ɹ)~oʊ(ɹ)~ɔo(ɹ) ɔː(ɹ) o̞ː(ɹ) oː(ɹ) o̞ː(ɾ) oː(ɹ) ɔː(ɾ)~ɒː(ɾ) ɔːɹ äːɹ~ɑːɹ ɒːɹ~oːɹ oː(ɹ) oɹ ɔɾ oː(ɾ) o̞ː(ɹ) oː(ɹ) oː(ɾ) ɔ(ɹ) ɒː(ɾ) ʌ̈ː(ɹ) NORTH sort ɔə̯(ɹ)~oɐ̯(ɹ) o(u)ə(ɹ) o(u)ɹ oə̯(ɹ) oːɹ oː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ) oːɹ ɔːɹ ɒːɹ oːɹ o̝(ə̯)ɾ oː(ɾ) FORCE tore ʊər ʊə̯(ɹ)~ʊɐ̯(ɹ) uə(ɹ)~ʊə(ɹ) ʊɹ~ɔɹ~oɹ uɻ~oɻ ʊə̯(ɹ) uə̯(ɹ) uɹ~ɚ ʊə̯(ɹ) ʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ),oː(ɹ) uə̯(ɹ) ʊɹ~ɔɹ uə̯(ɾ) ʊə(ɹ)~ʊː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ə(ɹ)~ɔuə(ɹ) uɐ̯(ɹ) ʊə̯(ɹ) uɛ̯(ɾ)~ɪ̈u̯ə(ɾ)~ɪ̈ʊ̯ə(ɾ)~o̞ː(ɾ) oə̯(ɹ) ʊə̯(ɾ)~uː(ɾ) uːɹ ʊə̯(ɹ) ʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ),oː(ɹ) oɚ ʉɾ oə̯(ɾ)~oɐ̯(ɾ) ʊə̯(ɹ) ʊə̯(ɹ)~oː(ɹ) uə̯(ɹ) uːə(ɾ) uːə(ɹ)~ʌ̈ː(ɹ) CURE tour jʊər juə̯(ɹ)~jʊə̯(ɹ) juɹ~jʊɹ jʊə̯(ɹ)~jʊɐ̯(ɹ) jʊɹ~jɚ jɚ jʊə̯(ɹ) jɔɹ~joɹ~jɚ juɐ̯(ɹ)~juə̯(ɹ) juɹ juə̯(ɹ) juɹ~jɚ jʊə̯(ɹ) jʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ),joː(ɹ) juə̯(ɹ) joːɹ jɚ~jʊɹ~jɵɹ juə̯(ɾ) jʊə(ɹ)~jʊː(ɹ)~jɔː(ɹ)~jɔ̝ə(ɹ)~jɔuə(ɹ) juɐ̯(ɹ) jʊə̯(ɹ) joː(ɹ) jo̞ː(ɾ) joə̯(ɹ) jʊə̯(ɾ)~juː(ɾ) juːɹ jʊə̯(ɹ) jʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ),joː(ɹ) joɚ jʉɾ joə̯(ɾ)~joɐ̯(ɾ) jʊə̯(ɹ) jʊə̯(ɹ)~joː(ɹ) joː(ɾ) jɔ(ɹ) ɪuːə(ɾ) juːə(ɹ)~jʌ̈ː(ɹ) pure OthersymbolsusedintranscriptionofEnglishpronunciation IPA Explanation ˈ Primarystressindicator(placedbeforethestressedsyllable);forexample,rapping/ˈræpɪŋ/ ˌ Secondarystress/fullvowelindicator(placedbeforethestressedsyllable);forexample,pronunciation/prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/ . Syllableseparationindicator;forexample,icecream/ˈaɪs.kriːm/vs.Iscream/ˌaɪ.ˈskriːm/ ̩ ̍ Syllabicconsonantindicator(placedunderthesyllabicconsonant);forexample,ridden[ˈɹɪdn̩] Seealso[edit] Englishphonology ListofdialectsoftheEnglishlanguage Phoneticalphabets PronunciationrespellingforEnglish SAMPAchartforEnglish Help:IPA/English Help:IPA/ConventionsforEnglish Notes[edit] ^abThisisacompromiseIPAtranscription,whichcoversmostdialectsofEnglish. ^/t/ispronounced[ɾ]insomepositionsinGAandAustralianEnglish,andispossibleinRPinwordslikebutter,[ʔ]insomepositionsinScottishEnglish,EnglishEnglish,AmericanEnglishandAustralianEnglish,and[t̞]non-initiallyinIrishEnglish. ^/d/ispronounced[ɾ]ifprecededandfollowedbyvowelsinGAandAustralianEnglish. ^/θ/ispronouncedasadentalstop[t̪]inIrishEnglish,NewfoundlandEnglish,IndianEnglish,andNewYorkEnglish,mergeswith/f/insomevarietiesofEnglishEnglish,andmergeswith/t/insomevarietiesofCaribbeanEnglish.Thedentalstop[t̪]alsooccursinotherdialectsasanallophoneof/θ/. ^/ð/ispronouncedasadentalstop[d̪]inIrishEnglish,NewfoundlandEnglish,IndianEnglish,andNewYorkEnglish,mergeswith/v/insomevarietiesofEnglishEnglish,andmergeswith/d/insomevarietiesofCaribbeanEnglish.[d̪]alsooccursinotherdialectsasanallophoneof/ð/. ^Theglottalfricative/h/isoftenpronouncedasvoiced[ɦ]betweenvowelsoundsandaftervoicedconsonants.Initialvoiced[ɦ]occursinsomeaccentsoftheSouthernHemisphere. ^/h/ispronounced[ç]beforethepalatalapproximant/j/,sometimesevenreplacingthecluster/hj/,andsometimesbeforehighfrontvowels. ^Thebilabialnasal/m/ispronouncedaslabiodental[ɱ]beforefandv,asinsymphony[ˈsɪɱfəni],circumvent[ˌsɝkəɱˈvɛnt],somevalue[ˌsʌɱˈvæɫjuː]. ^Insomedialects,suchasBrummie,wordslikeringer,sing/ˈɹɪŋəˈsɪŋ/,whichhaveavelarnasal[ŋ]inmostdialects,arepronouncedwithanadditional/ɡ/,like"finger":/ˈɹɪŋɡə/. ^Velarized[ɫ]traditionallydoesnotoccurinIrishEnglish;clearorplain[l]doesnotoccurinAustralian,NewZealand,Scottish,orAmericanEnglish.RP,someotherEnglishaccents,andSouthAfricanEnglish,however,haveclear[l]insyllableonsetsanddark[ɫ]insyllablerimes. ^abcSonorantsarevoicelessafterafortis(voiceless)stopatthebeginningofastressedsyllable. ^L-vocalizationinwhichlispronouncedasakindofabackvowel([ɤ]or[o],ornon-syllabic[ɤ̯,o̯],formingadiphthongwiththeprecedingvowel)occursinNewZealandEnglishandmanyregionalaccents,suchasAfrican-AmericanVernacularEnglish,Cockney,NewYorkEnglish,EstuaryEnglish,PittsburghEnglish,StandardSingaporeEnglish. ^/r/ispronouncedasatap[ɾ]insomevarietiesofScottish,Irish,Indian,Welsh,NorthernEnglandandSouthAfricanEnglish. ^Thealveolartrill[r]onlyoccursinsomevarietiesofScottish,Welsh,IndianandSouthAfricanEnglish. ^R-labialization,inwhichrispronouncedas[ʋ],isfoundinsomeaccentsinSouthernEngland. ^Somedialects,suchasScottishEnglish,IrishEnglish,andmanyAmericanSouthandNewEnglanddialects,distinguishvoiceless[ʍ]fromvoiced[w];seewine–whinemergerandvoicelesslabiovelarapproximant. ^Marginalinmostaccents,andotherwisemergedwith/k/,seeLock–lochmerger. ^ThiscommonEnglishinterjectionisusuallypronouncedwith[x]inunscriptedspokenEnglish,butitismostoftenread/ʌɡ/or/ʌk/ ^OnlyexistsinWelshEnglish.Non-Welshspeakersusuallyreplaceitwithl. ^Harrington,Cox&Evans(1997) ^Cox&Palethorpe(2007) ^Boberg(2004) ^Sailaja(2009:19–26) ^Wells(1982:422) ^abMannell,Cox&Harrington(2009) ^Baueretal.(2007:97–102) ^Scobbie,Gordeeva&Matthews(2006:7) ^Bekker(2008) ^Lass(2002:111–119) ^Coupland&Thomas(1990:93–136) ^Kenyon&Knott(1953) ^Kenyon(1950) ^Roach(2004:241–243) ^"CaseStudies –ReceivedPronunciationPhonology –RPVowelSounds".BritishLibrary. ^abcdefghiInmostoftheUnitedStates(withhighdialectalvariation),andtoalesserdegreeinCanada,special/æ/tensingsystemsoccur. ^abcdeSeebad–ladsplitforthisdistinction. ^SuzannaBetHashimandBrown,Adam(2000)'The[e]and[æ]vowelsinSingaporeEnglish'.InAdamBrown,DavidDeterdingandLowEeLing(eds.)TheEnglishLanguageinSingapore:ResearchonPronunciation,Singapore:SingaporeAssociationforAppliedLinguisticsISBN 981-04-2598-8,pp.84–92. ^Deterding,David(2007).SingaporeEnglish.UnitedKingdom:EdinburghUniversityPress.pp. 24–26.ISBN 978-0-7486-3096-7. ^ɒ~ɔoccursinAmericanaccentswithoutthecot–caughtmerger(abouthalfoftoday'sspeakers);theresthaveɑ. ^InAmericanaccentswithoutthecot–caughtmerger,theLOTvowel(generallywritteno)appearsasɒ~ɔinsteadofɑbeforethefricatives/f/,/θ/and/s/andthevelarnasal/ŋ/;alsousuallybefore/ɡ/,especiallyinsingle-syllablewords(dog,log,frog,etc.),andoccasionallybefore/k/(asinchocolate).SeeLot–clothsplit.InAmericanaccentswiththecot–caughtmerger(abouthalfoftoday'sspeakers),onlyɑoccurs. ^abcdItisnotclearwhetherthisatruephonemicsplit,sincethedistributionofthetwosoundsispredictable;seeKit–bitsplit. ^abDeterding,David(2000)'Measurementsofthe/eɪ/and/oʊ/vowelsofyoungEnglishspeakersinSingapore'.InAdamBrown,DavidDeterdingandLowEeLing(eds.),TheEnglishLanguageinSingapore:ResearchonPronunciation,Singapore:SingaporeAssociationforAppliedLinguistics,pp.93–99. ^MaryW.J.Tay(1982)."'ThephonologyofeducatedSingaporeEnglish'".EnglishWorld-Wide.3(2):135–45.doi:10.1075/eww.3.2.02tay. ^Oftentranscribed/e/forRP,forexampleinCollinsEnglishDictionary. ^TheSTRUTvowelinBrEishighlyvariableinthetriangledefinedbyə,ʌandɑ,see'STRUTforDummies' ^InWelshEnglish,you,yewandeweare/juː/,/jɪu/and/ɪu/respectively;inmostothervarietiesofEnglishtheyarehomophones. ^abcdefSomedialectsofNorthAmericanEnglishhaveavowelshiftcalledCanadianraising,inwhichthefirstelementofthediphthongs/aɪ,aʊ/israisedincertaincases,yielding[ʌɪ̯,ʌʊ̯]or[əɪ̯,əʊ̯].CanadianEnglishhasraisingofbothdiphthongs,butmostdialectsintheUnitedStatesonlyhaveraisingof/aɪ/.Inmonosyllables,raisingoccursbeforevoicelessconsonants,soright[ɹʌɪ̯t]andout[ʌʊ̯t]haveraisedvowels,buteyes[aɪz]andloud[laʊd]donot. ^MergingNEARandSQUAREisespeciallycommonamongstyoungNewZealanders. ^Whiletheactualpronunciationis[ɛə(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)],itcanalsobetranscribed/eə(ɹ)/. ^abcdefgSeeFern–fir–furmergerforthisdistinctioninsomevarieties. ^SometimestranscribedforGAas[əɹ],especiallyintranscriptionsthatrepresentbothrhoticandnon-rhoticpronunciations,as[ə(ɹ)]. References[edit] Bauer,Laurie;Warren,Paul;Bardsley,Dianne;Kennedy,Marianna;Major,George(2007),"NewZealandEnglish",JournaloftheInternationalPhoneticAssociation,37(1):97–102,doi:10.1017/S0025100306002830 Boberg,Charles(2004)."EnglishinCanada:phonology".InSchneider,EdgarW.;Burridge,Kate;Kortmann,Bernd;Mesthrie,Rajend;Upton,Clive(eds.).AHandbookofVarietiesofEnglish.Volume1:Phonology.MoutondeGruyter.pp. 351–365.ISBN 978-3-11-017532-5.|volume=hasextratext(help) Bekker,Ian(2008)."ThevowelsofSouthAfricanEnglish"(PDF). Coupland,Nikolas;Thomas,AlanR.,eds.(1990),EnglishinWales:Diversity,Conflict,andChange,MultilingualMattersLtd.,ISBN 1-85359-032-0 Gimson,A.C.(1980).AnIntroductiontothePronunciationofEnglish(3rd ed.).London:EdwardArnold.ISBN 0-7131-6287-2. Harrington,J.;Cox,F.;Evans,Z.(1997)."Anacousticphoneticstudyofbroad,general,andcultivatedAustralianEnglishvowels".AustralianJournalofLinguistics.17(2):155–84.doi:10.1080/07268609708599550. Cox,Felicity;Palethorpe,Sallyanne(2007),"AustralianEnglish"(PDF),JournaloftheInternationalPhoneticAssociation,37(3):341–350,doi:10.1017/S0025100307003192 Kenyon,JohnS.(1950).AmericanPronunciation(10th ed.).AnnArbor:GeorgeWahr. Kenyon,JohnS.;Knott,ThomasA.(1953)[1944].APronouncingDictionaryofAmericanEnglish.Springfield,Mass.:Merriam-Webster.ISBN 0-87779-047-7. Lass,Roger(2002)."SouthAfricanEnglish".InMesthrie,Rajend(ed.).LanguageinSouthAfrica.CambridgeUniversityPress.ISBN 9780521791052. Mannell,R.;Cox,F.;Harrington,J.(2009).AnIntroductiontoPhoneticsandPhonology.MacquarieUniversity. Roach,Peter(2004)."BritishEnglish:ReceivedPronunciation".JournaloftheInternationalPhoneticAssociation.34(2):239–245.doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768. Sailaja,Pingali(2009).IndianEnglish.Edinburgh:EdinburghUniversityPressLtd.pp. 17–38.ISBN 9780748625949. Schneider,EdgarW.;Kortmann,Bernd(2004).AHandbookofVarietiesofEnglish.Berlin:MoutondeGruyter.ISBN 3-11-017532-0. Scobbie,JamesM.;Gordeeva,OlgaB.;Matthews,Benjamin(2006)."AcquisitionofScottishEnglishPhonology:anoverview".Edinburgh:QMUSpeechScienceResearchCentreWorkingPapers.Citejournalrequires|journal=(help) Wells,JohnC.(2000).LongmanPronunciationDictionary(2nd ed.).Harlow,Essex:PearsonEducationLimited.ISBN 0-582-36468-X. Wells,JohnC.(1982).AccentsofEnglish.II:TheBritishIsles.Cambridge,NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress.ISBN 0-521-28541-0. vteInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(chart)IPAtopicsIPA InternationalPhoneticAssociation Historyofthealphabet Extensionsfordisorderedspeech(extIPA) VoiceQualitySymbols(VoQS) JournaloftheIPA(JIPA) Specialtopics Cursiveforms Casevariants Obsoleteandnonstandardsymbols Namingconventions Sinologicalextensions WorldOrthography IPAchartforEnglishdialects Encodings ASCIIencodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Kirshenbaum TIPA PhoneticsymbolsinUnicode IPABraille ConsonantsPulmonicconsonants Place→ Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̼ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilantaffricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɕ dʑ Non-sibilantaffricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ɢʁ ʡʢ ʔh Sibilantfricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilantfricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ ʔ̞ Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆ Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r ɽ̊r̥ ɽr ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ Lateralaffricate tɬ dɮ ʈɭ̊˔ ɖɭ˔ cʎ̝̊ ɟʎ̝ kʟ̝̊ ɡʟ̝ Lateralfricative ɬ ɮ ɭ̊˔ ɭ˔ ʎ̝̊ ʎ̝ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ Lateralapproximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ ʟ̠ Lateraltap/flap ɺ̥ ɺ ɭ̥̆ ɭ̆ ʎ̆ ʟ̆ IPAhelp  audio fullchart template Symbolstotherightinacellarevoiced,totheleftarevoiceless.Shadedareasdenotearticulationsjudgedimpossible. Non-pulmonicconsonants BL LD D A PA RF P V U EG Ejective Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ Affricate t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ qχʼ Fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ Lateralaffricate tɬʼ cʎ̝̊ʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Lateralfricative ɬʼ Click(top:velar;bottom:uvular) Tenuis kʘqʘ kǀqǀ kǃqǃ k‼q‼ kǂqǂ Voiced ɡʘɢʘ ɡǀɢǀ ɡǃɢǃ ɡ‼ɢ‼ ɡǂɢǂ Nasal ŋʘɴʘ ŋǀɴǀ ŋǃɴǃ ŋ‼ɴ‼ ŋǂɴǂ ʞ  Tenuislateral kǁqǁ Voicedlateral ɡǁɢǁ Nasallateral ŋǁɴǁ Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̊ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥ IPAhelp fullchart template Co-articulatedconsonants Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡pd͡b Labial–alveolar k͡pɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal Fricative/approximant ɥ̊ɥ Labial–palatal ʍw Labial–velar ɧ Sj-sound(variable) Lateralapproximant ɫ Velarizedalveolar IPAhelp fullchart template Other Nasallabial–velarapproximant[w̃] Nasalpalatalapproximant[j̃] Voicelessbidentalfricative[h̪͆] Voicelessbilabiallypost-trilleddentalstop[t̪ʙ̥] Voicelessnasalglottalapproximant[h̃] Vowels Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ IPAhelp  audio fullchart template Vowelsbesidedotsare:unrounded • rounded Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects&oldid=1063004322" Categories:InternationalPhoneticAlphabetEnglishphonologyLanguagecomparisonHiddencategories:ArticlesthatmaycontainoriginalresearchfromMay2018AllarticlesthatmaycontainoriginalresearchArticlesneedingexpertattentionwithnoreasonortalkparameterArticlesneedingexpertattentionfromMay2018AllarticlesneedingexpertattentionLinguisticsarticlesneedingexpertattentionWikipediaarticlesneedingrewritefromApril2019AllarticlesneedingrewriteArticleswithmultiplemaintenanceissuesCS1errors:extratext:volumeCS1:longvolumevalueCS1errors:missingperiodical Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages भोजपुरीBahasaMelayuپنجابیУкраїнськаاردو中文 Editlinks