常见数学术语中英对照（转载） - 知乎专栏

代数-基本数学概念 ... 多谢，之前淘到一本剑桥数学教材，基本上是高中以前的，最近开始学编程，痛感数学还是不能不学，然后就打算从头开始，奈何这英文教材专有名词 ... 首发于微积分学习笔记无障碍写文章登录/注册2021.11.23更新zero-paddled:用零填充的（补齐的）E.g.:1.Youaregivenseverallogs,whereeachlogcontainsauniqueIDandtimestamp.Timestampisastringthathasthefollowingformat:Year:Month:Day:Hour:Minute:Second,forexample,2017:01:01:23:59:59.Alldomainsarezero-paddeddecimalnumbers.(From：LeetCode)2.Zeropaddingisasimpleconcept;itsimplyreferstoaddingzerostoendofatime-domainsignaltoincreaseitslength.Theexample1MHzand1.05MHzreal-valuedsinusoidwaveformswewillbeusingthroughoutthisarticleisshowninthefollowingplot:Thetime-domainlengthofthiswaveformis1000samples.(From:BitWeenie)代数-数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger/number奇数eveninteger/number偶数Integer/wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数real/rationalnumber实数,有理数Irrationalnumber无理数inverse/reciprocal倒数mode众数compositenumber合数primenumber质数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数commonmultiple公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子commonratio公比non-negative非负的mean平均数median中值mode众数compositenumber合数primenumber质数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数commonmultiple公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子commonratio公比nonnegative非负的mean平均数median中值代数-基本数学概念ALGEBRA代数arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数divisor因子,除数,公约数cardinal基数ordinal序数constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值roundto/off,tothenearest四舍五入difference差product积quotient商remainder余数代数-基本运算,小数,分数Add/plus加subtract减Multiply/times乘divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，红利factorial阶乘power乘方radical/rootsign根号decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgar/commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母commondenominator公分母quarter四分之一ordinary/decimalscale十进制tens十位,units个位tenthsunit十分位代数-方程,集合,数列等algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解/等价方程linearequation线性方程union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向directproportion正比parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合trigonometricfunction三角函数几何-三角planegeometry平面几何plane平面alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角trigonometry三角学equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形几何-平面,立体quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形square正方形，平方rectangle长方形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形equilateral等边形regularpolygon正多边形concentriccircles同心圆line,straightline直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/polyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的几何-图形概念bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直congruent全等的multilateral多边的side边长circumference,perimeter周长diameter直径radius半径chord弦arc弧semicircle半圆radian弧度centerofacircle圆心segmentofacircle弧形anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线cube立方体，立方数faceofasolid立体的面altitude高depth深度volume体积surfacearea表面积edge棱几何-坐标arm直角三角形的股hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理leg三角形的直角边median（三角形的）中线base底边，底数opposite直角三角形中的对边crosssection横截面vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的complexplane复平面midpoint中点endpoint端点coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率transversal截线intercept截距商业术语,计量单位Intercalary/leapyear闰年(366天)commonyear平年(365天)depreciation折旧downpayment直接付款discount打折/denote表示margin/profit利润interest利息/dividend红利simpleinterest单利compoundedinterest复利Increase/decreaseto增加/减少到increase/decreaseby增加/减少了listprice标价/markup涨价retailprice零售价/percapita每人cent美分/penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币/dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)/score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏/Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱/gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码/inch英寸/foot英尺meter米/micron微米squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)编辑于2021-11-2400:47数学术语高等数学​赞同171​​14条评论​分享​喜欢​收藏​申请转载​文章被以下专栏收录微积分学习笔记Mycalculusstudynotes.