Rio Carnival - Wikipedia

The Carnival in Rio de Janeiro is a festival held every year before Lent; it is considered the biggest carnival in the world, with two million people per ... RioCarnival FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch CarnivalinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil RioCarnivalAfloatatRioCarnival,2014Alsocalled"ThebiggestshowonEarth"(Portuguese:OmaiorshowdaTerra)Typecultural,religiousSignificanceCelebrationpriortofastingseasonofLent.CelebrationsParades,parties,open-airperformancesBeginsFridaybeforeAshWednesday(51daystoEaster)EndsAshWednesdaynoon(46daysbeforeEaster)2021 dateCanceled2022 dateAfternoon,April20-midday,April292023 dateAfternoon,February17–midday,February222024 dateAfternoon,February9–midday,February14FrequencyannualRelated toCarnival,BrazilianCarnival,AshWednesday,Lent TheCarnivalinRiodeJaneiro(Portuguese:CarnavaldoRiodeJaneiro)isafestivalheldeveryyearbeforeLent;itisconsideredthebiggestcarnivalintheworld,withtwomillionpeopleperdayonthestreets.ThefirstCarnivalfestivalinRiooccurredin1723.[1][2] ThetypicalRiocarnivalparadeisfilledwithrevelers,floats,andadornmentsfromnumeroussambaschoolswhicharelocatedinRio(morethan200approximately,dividedintofiveleagues/divisions).Asambaschooliscomposedofacollaborationoflocalneighboursthatwanttoattendthecarnivaltogether,withsomekindofregional,geographicalandcommonbackground. Thereisaspecialorderthateveryschoolhastofollowwiththeirparadeentries.Eachschoolbeginswiththe"comissãodefrente"(meaning"FrontCommission"),thatisthegroupofpeoplefromtheschoolthatappearfirst.Madeoftentofifteenpeople,thecomissãodefrenteintroducestheschoolandsetsthemoodandstyleoftheirpresentation.Thesepeoplehavechoreographeddancesinelaboratecostumesthatusuallytellashortstory.Followingthe"comissãodefrente"isthefirstfloatofthesambaschool,called"abre-alas"("OpeningWing").ThesearefollowedbytheMestre-salaandPorta-Bandeira("MasterofCeremoniesandFlagBearer"),withonetofourpairs,oneactiveandthreereserve,toleadthedancers,whichincludetheoldguardveteransandthe"aladasbaianas",withthedrumlinebatteryattherearandsometimesabrasssectionandguitars. Contents 1History 2Sambaschoolparade 2.1Dates 2.2Tickets 3Streetcarnival 4Cortereal 4.1KingMomo 4.2QueensofCarnival 5Seealso 6References 7Externallinks History[edit] TheRioCarnivalcelebrationdatesbacktothe1650s.Duringthattime,elaboratefeastswereorganizedtogivehonortotheGreekwinegods.TheRomansusedtoworshipBacchus,thegodofthegrape-harvest. Thefestival‘Entrudo’wasintroducedbythePortugueseandthisinspiredthebirthoftheCarnivalinBrazil.In1840,theveryfirstRiomasqueradetookplace,andpolkaandwaltztookcenterstage.[3] AfricanssubsequentlyinfluencedtheCarnivalwiththeintroductionofSambamusicin1917,whichisnowconsideredatraditionalBrazilianform.[citationneeded] Therewasnocarnivalin1915–18or1940–45.[citationneeded]Ithasbeencanceledwithstrictwarningsagainstclandestinecelebrationssince2021duetotheCOVID-19pandemicinBrazil,andwillreturncome2023.[4] Sambaschoolparade[edit] ParadeofMangueira,oneofthemosttraditionalsambaschoolsintheRioCarnival TheSambaschoolparadeswereheldinPraçaOnze,alsoknownas“BigAfrica”,thebirthplaceoftheCariocaCarnivalparadeasitisknowntoday.FutureEstáciodeSá,togetherwithPortelaandEstaçãoPrimeiradeMangueiraparadedforthefirsttimeinthecityin1929.In1930,sevenschoolswerealreadyactiveinthecity.WiththeworksofinAvenidaPresidenteVargas,theparademovedthere,andfrom1942to1945theparadewasheldinSãoJanuário.From1952temporarystandsforthepublicwereannuallyassembled,andin1961paidticketsmadetheirdebuttotakeadvantageoftherisinginternationalandnationalinterestandtheincreasingtouristarrivals.In1974,duetotheworksofthesubway,theparadewasheldonAvenidaPresidenteAntônioCarlos,fromwhereitwasalsobroadcastforthefirsttimeincolortelevision.In1978,theparadewastransferredtotheMarquêsdeSapucaíAvenue,whereitremainsuptothisday.In1983,thethengovernorLeonelBrizola,commissionedthearchitectOscarNiemeyertheprojectofapermanentlocalstadiumfortheparadesinthatsamearea,becauseuntilthenthebleachershadcontinuedtobetemporary,andonlyassembledanddisassembledfortheevent.[citationneeded] Withtheincreaseinthenumberofschoolstakingpart,whichmadetheparadelongerandtiringforthepublic,in1984theparadewasseparatedintotwodatesandcategories:FridayeveningintoSaturdaymorningforthelower-levelschools;andSundayeveningintoMondaymorningforthemajorschools,includingthemorerecognizableones.Thatyear,a“super-champion”schoolwasalsoannouncedfollowingtheparadeofthechampionsthattookplacethefollowingSaturday,whichbythattimewereawardedforthebestperformancesofthepastnightsofcompetition.Sincethispracticewasneveragainrepeated,Mangueiraremainstheonlysambaschooltoeverbeawardedwiththetitleanddignityof"super-champion"oftheannualevent.[5]Portelaisthesambaschoolthathasthelargestnumberofchampionshipswith22.[when?] TheschoolsoftheSpecialGroupunderLIESAparadeovertwodays(SundayandMonday),whiletheASeriesschoolsparadeonFridayandSaturdayunderLIERJ,whichalsohastheBSeries,whichparadesonFatTuesday.BothorganizationswereundertheAESCRJbannerbeforeitlostorganizingrights,thusalsoprovidingfortheestablishmentofneworganizationslikeLIESBandSambaéNossoforthelowerleveldivisions.[6]TheGoldDivision(ASeries)championschoolwhichadvancesdirectlyasaparticipantintheSpecialGroupforthenextyear'sCarnivalparadeslastonCarnivalMondaywhiletheSpecialGroupchampionparadesoncemoreontheSaturdayafterAshWednesday.[citationneeded] Asof2018,LIESBhandedoverthemanagementoftheEseriesanditsschoolstoACAS,whichnowoperatesitasarookielevelorganizationforsambaschools,in2020theCSeries(SilverDivision)fellunderaneworganization,LIVRES,withLIESBhandlingthedivisionsaboveandbelowit.[citationneeded] AtypicalperformerofSambadance Dates[edit] Rio'sCarnivalbeginsontheFridayprecedingLentandendsonAshWednesday,[7]buttheWinners'ParadehappensontheSaturdayafterthecarnivalends.[8][9]Thewinningschoolandrunners'upoftheSpecialGroup,aswellastheASerieschampion,allmarchpastonefinaltimeonthisnight. March1to6,2019 February21to26,2020 February12to17,2021(cancelledduetoCOVID-19pandemic) April20toApril,2022(movedupduetoCOVID-19andcoincidewithTiradentes'Day) Tickets[edit] Sambadromesectorsdiagram In1984,thegovernmentdecidedtogiveRioCarnivalitsnewhomeintheSambadrome.[10]Today,someofthemostfamouseventsofRioCarnivalareticketedevents.TherearedifferenttypesofSambadrometicketsthatareavailableforpurchase.Grandstandticketsaregeneraladmissionsticketsthatareavailableonafirst-come,first-servedbasisandarenotallocatedaheadoftime.Frisasareopenairboxseatslocatedalongthesambarunway.Camarotesareluxuryboxessituatedbetweenthefrisasandthegrandstands.Sector9isthetouristsectorwhicharethesameasgrandstandtickets,withthedifferencebeingthattheyareallocatedsopeoplehaveassignedseats.[11] Carnivalticketpricescanvarydependingonthetickettype,sectorandseason.Thecheapestsectorsare12and13.[12]Ticketscanbeboughtinadvancethroughinternationalbrokers,orthroughlocaltravelagentsinRiodeJaneiro.'Purchaseofaticket'normallymeanspurchaseofavoucherwhichisthenexchangeablefortheticketclosetothedate.TicketsalesareorganisedbyLIESA,whowilloftenalsomaketicketsavailableatlatenoticeviaavenue(oftenabank)announcedthedaybefore.LIESApricesforgrandstandticketsvaryfromRs5toRs500fortheTouristSector(2014prices)[13](Rs500=approx.US$250).LIESApublishthebasepriceofthetickets,andagentsandbrokerschargemore(sometimessignificantlymore)butofferconsiderableconvenienceandotherbenefits.[citationneeded] DrumQueen Flagbearerandmasterofceremony FloatwithagiantLemuelGulliver AfloatwiththeDragonofSaintGeorge Afloatwithacamelcaravan Streetcarnival[edit] CordãodaBolaPreta,theoldeststreetblockofRiodeJaneiro'sCarnival AstheparadeistakingplaceintheSambadromeandtheballsarebeingheldintheCopacabanaPalaceandbeach,manycarnivalparticipantsareatotherlocations.Streetfestivalsareverycommonduringcarnivalandarehighlypopulatedbythelocals.[14]Eleganceandextravaganceareusuallyleftbehind,butmusicanddancingarestillextremelycommon.Anyoneisallowedtoparticipateinthestreetfestivals.Bandasareveryfamiliarwiththestreetcarnivalespeciallybecauseittakesnothingtojoininonthefunexcepttojumpin.OneofthemostwellknownbandasofRioisBandadeIpanema.BandadeIpanemawasfirstcreatedin1965andisknownasRio'smostirreverentstreetband.[15] IncorporatedintoeveryaspectoftheRiocarnivalaredancingandmusic.Themostfamousdanceiscarnivalsamba,aBraziliandancewithAfricaninfluences.Thesambaremainsapopulardancenotonlyincarnivalbutintheghettosoutsideofthemaincities.Thesevillageskeepalivethehistoricalaspectofthedancewithouttheinfluenceofthewesterncultures.[16] Musicisanothermajorpartofallaspectsofthecarnival.AsstatedbySambaCity,"SambaCarnivalInstrumentsareanimportantpartofBrazilandtheRiodeJaneirocarnival,sendingouttheirresistiblebeatsandrhythmsmakingthecrowdexplodeinacolourfuldancerevolutionfantasyfest!"[17]ThesambathatisfoundinRioisBattucanada,referringtothedanceandmusicbeingbasedonpercussioninstruments.It"isbornofarhythmicnecessitythatitallowsyoutosing,todance,andtoparadeatthesametime."[18]ThisiswhythebatucadastyleisfoundinmostallofRio'sstreetcarnivals. Streetparades,blocos,andbandastakeplacethroughoutthecityofRioduringCarnival,themostfamousandlargestcarnivalcelebrationoftheworld.[19]Therecanbemorethan300bandastakingplaceatanygivenpointintime.WhilethebiggeststreetpartytakesplacerightoutsidetheSambadrome,thelargestorganizedstreetdanceistypicallyfoundonCinelândiaSquareinRio'sCentro.In2012,morethan2millionrevelerstooktothestreetsofRiodeJaneirotoparticipateintheCordãodaBolaPretabloco.Accordingtopoliceestimates,morethan5millionpeopleattendedablocoduringRioCarnival2012andtherewasnotonereportedincidentofcrime.[20] WhentheSambadromewasbuiltin1984,ithadtheside-effectoftakingstreetparadesfromthedowntownareatoaspecific,ticketedperformancearea.Somesambaschoolshavesincebeenmotivatedbyanagendathatfocusesonregainingpublicspace,andusingthecarnivaltraditiontooccupythestreetswithparadesorblocos.Manyoftheserepresentalocalcommunityoftheareabutareopentoall.[21] SeveraloftheRiostreetcarnivalblocksthatholdthepartiesareaffiliatedtotheRiodeJaneiroStateStreetCarnivalBlocksFederation(FBCERJ),establishedin1965.[citationneeded] Cortereal[edit] KingMomo[edit] Mainarticle:KingMomo§ KingMomosofRiodeJaneiro QueensofCarnival[edit] TheQueenoftheCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroanduptotwoprincesseshavingthedutytowootherevelry,alongwiththeKingMomo.Unlikesomecities,inthecityofRiodeJaneiro,QueensofCarnivaldonotseeacertainschoolofsamba.Incompetitions,princessesareusuallyplacedassecondandthird,andarecorrespondingly1stand2ndPrincess.Someofthemafterthereignbecomequeensorbatterybridesmaids.[clarificationneeded] Years QueensofCarnival 1stPrincess 2ndPrincess Ref 2004 PriscilaMendes [22] 2005 AnaPaulaEvangelista ElaineBabo [23] 2006 AnaPaulaEvangelista CristianeHani [23][24] 2007 JaquelineFaria JacquelineNascimento MônikaNascimento [25] 2008 KétulaMello CharleneCosta JaquelineFaria [26] 2009 JéssicaMaia CharleneCosta ShayeneCesário [27] 2010 ShayeneCesário TalitaCastilhos SuellenPinto [28] 2011 BiancaSalgueiro TalitaCastilhos SuzanGonçalves [29] 2012 CrisAlves LetíciaGuimarães SuzanGonçalves [30] 2013 EvelynBastos LetíciaGuimarães ClaraPaixão [31][32] 2014 LetíciaGuimarães ClaraPaixão GracieleChaveirinho [33][34][35] 2015 ClaraPaixão BiancaMonteiro UillanaAdães [36][37] 2016 ClaraPaixão UillanaAdães BiancaMonteiro [38][39] 2017 UillanaAdães JoiceRocha DeisianeConceição [40] 2018 JéssicaMaia DeisianeConceição CintiadeOliveira [41] 2019 ClaraPaixão DeisianeConceição VivianeSilveira [citationneeded] 2020 CamilaSilva DeisianeConceição CinthiadeOliveira [citationneeded] SambaParadeattheSambódromo(Sambadrome)duringtheRioCarnival Seealso[edit] BrazilianCarnival References[edit] ^Hughes,Amani(February22,2019)."RioCarnival2019:HowtoattendRioCarnival–doyouneedtickets?".Express.co.uk.RetrievedFebruary28,2019. ^Duhig,H.(2018).CulturalContributionsfromLatinAmerica:Tortillas,ColorTV,andMore.GreatCultures,GreatIdeas.RosenPublishingGroup.p. 20.ISBN 978-1-5383-3829-2.RetrievedFebruary28,2019. ^"RioDeJaneiroCarnival2019TravelGuide".Cheapfaremart.RetrievedNovember27,2018. ^"CancelantradicionalcarnavalenRíodeJaneirodebidoalapandemia".jornada.com.mx(inSpanish).LaJornada.February10,2021.RetrievedFebruary10,2021. ^"GrupoEspecial1984".AcademiadoSamba.RetrievedSeptember13,2016. ^"RioturconfirmaacordonoAcesso.LiesbficacomSérieBeSambaéNossocomoC,DeE".Carnavalesco.November18,2015.RetrievedSeptember13,2016. ^Louis,RegisSt(March3,2011)."CarnavalinBrazil:Rioandbeyond".BBCTravel.RetrievedJanuary26,2020. ^"BrazilCarnival2017".CarnivalBookers.com.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust7,2013.RetrievedSeptember26,2016. ^"RioCarnival2019dates:WhenisRioCarnival?Carnivalstarttime,mainevents,schedule".Express.co.uk.February28,2019.RetrievedFebruary28,2019. ^"AboutSambadrome(Sambódromo)".RioCarnival.March2,1984.RetrievedFebruary28,2019. ^"RioCarnivalTicketsGuide".RioCarnival.RetrievedFebruary28,2019. ^logindesarrollos.com."SambadromeParadeTickets