Bobcat - Wikipedia

The bobcat (Lynx rufus), also known as the red lynx, is a medium-sized cat native to North America. It ranges from southern Canada through most of the ... Bobcat FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Medium-sizedNorthAmericanwildcat Forotheruses,seeBobcat(disambiguation). "RedLynx"redirectshere.Forthewrestler,seeCandyOkutsu.Forthevideogamedeveloper,seeRedLynx. Bobcat BobcatinLivermore,California,US Conservationstatus LeastConcern (IUCN3.1)[1] Scientificclassification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Lynx Species: L. rufus Binomialname Lynxrufus(Schreber,1777) Rangein2016[1] Synonyms Seetext Thebobcat(Lynxrufus),alsoknownastheredlynx,isamedium-sizedcatnativetoNorthAmerica.ItrangesfromsouthernCanadathroughmostofthecontiguousUnitedStatestoOaxacainMexico.ItislistedasLeastConcernontheIUCNRedListsince2002,duetoitswidedistributionandlargepopulation.Althoughithasbeenhuntedextensivelybothforsportandfur,populationshaveprovenstable,thoughdeclininginsomeareas.[1] Ithasdistinctiveblackbarsonitsforelegsandablack-tipped,stubby(or"bobbed")tail,fromwhichitderivesitsname.Itreachesabodylengthofupto125 cm(49 in).Itisanadaptablepredatorinhabitingwoodedareas,semidesert,urbanedge,forestedge,andswamplandenvironments.Itremainsinsomeofitsoriginalrange,butpopulationsarevulnerabletoextirpationbycoyotesanddomesticanimals.Thoughthebobcatprefersrabbitsandhares,ithuntsinsects,chickens,geeseandotherbirds,smallrodents,anddeer.Preyselectiondependsonlocationandhabitat,season,andabundance.Likemostcats,thebobcatisterritorialandlargelysolitary,althoughwithsomeoverlapinhomeranges.Itusesseveralmethodstomarkitsterritorialboundaries,includingclawmarksanddepositsofurineorfeces.Thebobcatbreedsfromwinterintospringandhasagestationperiodofabouttwomonths. Twosubspeciesarerecognised:oneeastoftheGreatPlains,andtheotherwestoftheGreatPlains.ItisfeaturedinsomestoriesoftheindigenouspeoplesofNorthandCentralAmerica,andinthefolkloreofEuropean-descendedinhabitantsoftheAmericas. Contents 1Taxonomyandevolution 1.1Phylogeny 2Description 2.1Tracks 3Distributionandhabitat 4Behaviorandecology 4.1Socialstructureandhomerange 4.2Huntinganddiet 4.3Reproductionandlifecycle 4.4Predators 5Conservation 6Importanceinhumanculture 7Seealso 8References 9Furtherreading 10Externallinks Taxonomyandevolution[edit] TheCanadalynxhasdistincttuftsatopitsearsandlonger"muttonchop"stylefuronitslowerface FelisrufawasthescientificnameproposedbyJohannChristianDanielvonSchreberin1777.[2]Inthe19thand20thcenturies,thefollowingzoologicalspecimensweredescribed:[3] LynxfloridanusproposedbyConstantineSamuelRafinesquein1817wasagreyishlynxwithyellowishbrownspotsfromFlorida.[4] LynxfasciatusalsoproposedbyRafinesquein1817wasareddishbrownlynxwithathickfurfromthenorthwestcoast.[4] LynxbaileyiproposedbyClintonHartMerriamin1890wasafemalelynxthatwasshotintheSanFranciscoMountains.[5] LynxtexensisproposedbyJoelAsaphAllenin1895toreplacetheearliernameLynxrufusvar.maculatus.[6] LynxgigasproposedbyOutramBangsin1897wasaskinofanadultmalelynxshotnearBearRiver,NovaScotia.[7] LynxrufuseremicusandLynxrufuscalifornicusproposedbyEdgarAlexanderMearnsin1898wereskinsandskullsoftwoadultlynxeskilledinSanDiegoCounty,California.[8] LynxrufuspeninsularisproposedbyOldfieldThomasin1898wasaskullandapalerufousskinofamalelynxfromBajaCaliforniaPeninsula.[9] LynxfasciatuspallescensproposedbyMerriamin1899,wasaskinofagraylynxthatwaskillednearTroutLake,Washington.[10] LynxruffusescuinapaeproposedbyAllenin1903wasaskullandapalerufousskinofanadultfemalefromEscuinapaMunicipalityinMexico.[11] LynxrufussuperiorensisbyRandolphLeePetersonandStuartC.Downingin1952wasaskeletonandskinofamalelynxkillednearPortArthur,Ontario.[12] LynxrufusoaxacensisproposedbyGeorgeGoodwinin1963wasbasedonthreeskullsandsixskinsoflynxeskilledintheMexicanTehuantepecDistrict.[13] Thevalidityofthesesubspecieswaschallengedin1981becauseoftheminordifferencesbetweenspecimensfromthevariousgeographicregionsinNorthAmerica.[14] Sincetherevisionofcattaxonomyin2017,onlytwosubspeciesarerecognisedasvalidtaxa:[15] L.r.rufus–eastoftheGreatPlains L.r.fasciatus–westoftheGreatPlains Phylogeny[edit] ThegenusLynxsharesacladewiththegeneraPuma,PrionailurusandFelisdatedto7.15 millionyearsago;Lynxdivergedapproximately3.24 millionyearsago.[16] ThebobcatisthoughttohaveevolvedfromtheEurasianlynx(L.lynx),whichcrossedintoNorthAmericabywayoftheBeringLandBridgeduringthePleistocene,withprogenitorsarrivingasearlyas2.6millionyearsago.[17]ItfirstappearedduringtheIrvingtonianstagearound1.8 millionyearsago.ThefirstbobcatwavemovedintothesouthernportionofNorthAmerica,whichwassooncutofffromthenorthbyglaciers;thepopulationevolvedintothemodernbobcataround20,000yearsago.AsecondpopulationarrivedfromAsiaandsettledinthenorth,developingintothemodernCanadalynx(L.canadensis).[18]HybridizationbetweenthebobcatandtheCanadalynxmaysometimesoccur.[19] ThepopulationseastandwestoftheGreatPlainswereprobablyseparatedduringPleistoceneinterglacialperiodsduetothearidificationoftheregion.[20] Description[edit] Thebobcat'sshorttailisnotalwaysvisible Thesmalltuftsonabobcat'searsaredifficulttospotatevenmoderatedistance ThebobcatresemblesotherspeciesofthemidsizegenusLynx,butisonaveragethesmallestofthefour.Itscoatisvariable,thoughgenerallytantograyish-brown,withblackstreaksonthebodyanddarkbarsontheforelegsandtail.Itsspottedpatterningactsascamouflage.Theearsareblack-tippedandpointed,withshort,blacktufts.Generally,anoff-whitecolorisseenonthelips,chin,andunderparts.Bobcatsinthedesertregionsofthesouthwesthavethelightest-coloredcoats,whilethoseinthenorthern,forestedregionsaredarkest.Kittensarebornwell-furredandalreadyhavetheirspots.[21]AfewmelanisticbobcatshavebeensightedandcapturedinFlorida,USAandNewBrunswick,Canada.[22]Theyappearblack,butmaystillexhibitaspotpattern.[23] Thefaceappearswideduetoruffsofextendedhairbeneaththeears.Bobcateyesareyellowwithround,blackpupils.Thenoseofthebobcatispinkish-red,andithasabasecolorofgrayoryellowish-orbrownish-redonitsface,sides,andback.[24]Thepupilsareround,blackcirclesandwillwidenduringnocturnalactivitytomaximizelightreception.[25]Thecathassharphearingandvision,andagoodsenseofsmell.Itisanexcellentclimber,andswimswhenitneedsto,butnormallyavoidswater.[26] Theadultbobcatis47.5to125 cm(18.7to49.2 in)longfromtheheadtothebaseofitsdistinctivestubbytail,averaging82.7 cm(32.6 in);thetailis9to20 cm(3.5to7.9 in)long.[24] Its"bobbed"appearancegivesthespeciesitsname.[27][28][29][30] Anadultstandsabout30to60 cm(12to24 in)attheshoulders.[21] Adultmalescanrangeinweightfrom6.4to18.3 kg(14to40 lb),withanaverageof9.6 kg(21 lb);femalesat4to15.3 kg(8.8to33.7 lb),withanaverageof6.8 kg(15 lb).[31]Thelargestbobcataccuratelymeasuredonrecordweighed22.2 kg(49 lb),althoughunverifiedreportshavethemreaching27 kg(60 lb).[32]Furthermore,aJune20,2012reportofaNewHampshireroadkillspecimenlistedtheanimal'sweightat27 kg(60 lb).[33]Thelargest-bodiedbobcatswererecordedineasternCanadaandnorthernNewEngland,andthesmallestinthesouthernAppalachianMountains.[34]Skeletalmusclesmakeup56%ofthebobcat'sbodyweight.[35]Atbirth,itweighs0.6to0.75 lb(0.27to0.34 kg)andisabout25 cm(10 in)inlength.Attheageofoneyear,itweighsabout4.5 kg(10 lb).[26] ConsistentwithBergmann'srule,thebobcatislargerinitsnorthernrangeandinopenhabitats.[36]AmorphologicalsizecomparisonstudyintheeasternUnitedStatesfoundadivergenceinthelocationofthelargestmaleandfemalespecimens,suggestingdifferingselectionconstraintsforthesexes.[37] Tracks[edit] Bobcattracksinmudshowingthehind-pawprint(top)partiallycoveringthefore-pawprint(center) Bobcattracksshowfourtoeswithoutclawmarks,duetotheirretractileclaws.Thetracksrangeinsizefrom1to3 in(25to76 mm);theaverageisabout1.8 in(46 mm).[38]Whenwalkingortrotting,thetracksarespacedroughly8to18 in(20to46 cm)apart.Thebobcatcanmakegreatstrideswhenrunning,oftenfrom4to8 ft(1.2to2.4 m).[39] Likeallcats,thebobcat'directlyregisters',meaningitshindprintsusuallyfallexactlyontopofitsforeprints.Bobcattrackscanbegenerallydistinguishedfromferalorhousecattracksbytheirlargersize:about2 in2(13 cm2)versus1.5 in2(9.7 cm2).[40] Distributionandhabitat[edit] Bobcatinurbansurroundings:Thespecies'rangedoesnotseemtobelimitedbyhumanpopulations,aslongasitcanstillfindasuitablehabitat Thebobcatisanadaptablespecies.Itpreferswoodlands—deciduous,coniferous,ormixed—butdoesnotdependexclusivelyonthedeepforest.ItrangesfromthehumidswampsofFloridatodesertlandsofTexasorruggedmountainareas.Itmakesitshomenearagriculturalareas,ifrockyledges,swamps,orforestedtractsarepresent;itsspottedcoatservesascamouflage.[41]Thepopulationofthebobcatdependsprimarilyonthepopulationofitsprey;otherprincipalfactorsintheselectionofhabitattypeincludeprotectionfromsevereweather,availabilityofrestinganddensites,densecoverforhuntingandescape,andfreedomfromdisturbance.[42] Thebobcat'srangedoesnotseemtobelimitedbyhumanpopulations,butbyavailabilityofsuitablehabitat;onlylarge,intensivelycultivatedtractsareunsuitableforthespecies.[36]Theanimalmayappearinbackyardsin"urbanedge"environments,wherehumandevelopmentintersectswithnaturalhabitats.[43]Ifchasedbyadog,itusuallyclimbsupatree.[41] ThehistoricalrangeofthebobcatwasfromsouthernCanada,throughouttheUnitedStates,andasfarsouthastheMexicanstateofOaxaca,anditstillpersistsacrossmuchofthisarea.Inthe20thcentury,itwasthoughttohavelostterritoryintheUSMidwestandpartsoftheNortheast,includingsouthernMinnesota,easternSouthDakota,andmuchofMissouri,mostlyduetohabitatchangesfrommodernagriculturalpractices.[25][36][41]WhilethoughttonolongerexistinwesternNewYorkandPennsylvania,multipleconfirmedsightingsofbobcats(includingdeadspecimens)havebeenrecentlyreportedinNewYork'sSouthernTierandincentralNewYork,andabobcatwascapturedin2018onatouristboatinDowntownPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.[44][45]Inaddition,bobcatsightingshavebeenconfirmedinnorthernIndiana,andonewaskillednearAlbion,Michigan,in2008.[46]InearlyMarch2010,abobcatwassighted(andlatercapturedbyanimalcontrolauthorities)inaparkinggarageindowntownHouston.[47]By2010,bobcatsappeartohaverecolonizedmanystates,occurringineverystateinthecontiguous48exceptDelaware.[1] ThebobcatpopulationinCanadaislimitedduetobothsnowdepthandthepresenceoftheCanadalynx.Thebobcatdoesnottoleratedeepsnow,andwaitsoutheavystormsinshelteredareas;[48]itlacksthelarge,paddedfeetoftheCanadalynxandcannotsupportitsweightonsnowasefficiently.Thebobcatisnotentirelyatadisadvantagewhereitsrangemeetsthatofthelargerfelid:displacementoftheCanadalynxbytheaggressivebobcathasbeenobservedwheretheyinteractinNovaScotia,whiletheclearingofconiferousforestsforagriculturehasledtoanorthwardretreatoftheCanadalynx'srangetotheadvantageofthebobcat.[36]InnorthernandcentralMexico,thecatisfoundindryscrublandandforestsofpineandoak;itsrangeendsatthetropicalsouthernportionofthecountry.[36] Behaviorandecology[edit] Thebobcatiscrepuscular,andisactivemostlyduringtwilight.Itkeepsonthemovefromthreehoursbeforesunsetuntilaboutmidnight,andthenagainfrombeforedawnuntilthreehoursaftersunrise.Eachnight,itmovesfrom2to7 mi(3.2to11.3 km)alongitshabitualroute.[26]Thisbehaviormayvaryseasonally,asbobcatsbecomemorediurnalduringfallandwinterinresponsetotheactivityoftheirprey,whicharemoreactiveduringthedayincolderweather.[25] Socialstructureandhomerange[edit] BobcatspottedinSouthSanJose,California Bobcatactivitiesareconfinedtowell-definedterritories,whichvaryinsizedependingonthesexandthedistributionofprey.Thehomerangeismarkedwithfeces,urinescent,andbyclawingprominenttreesinthearea.[49]Initsterritory,thebobcathasnumerousplacesofshelter,usuallyamainden,andseveralauxiliarysheltersontheouterextentofitsrange,suchashollowlogs,brushpiles,thickets,orunderrockledges.Itsdensmellsstronglyofthebobcat.[41] Thesizesofbobcats'homerangesvarysignificantlyandrangesfrom0.23to126 sq mi(0.60to326.34 km2).[36]OnestudyinKansasfoundresidentmalestohaverangesofroughly8 sq mi(21 km2),andfemaleslessthanhalfthatarea.Transientbobcatswerefoundtohavehomerangesof22 sq mi(57 km2)andlesswell-definedhomeranges.Kittenshadthesmallestrangeatabout3 sq mi(7.8 km2).[50]Dispersalfromthenatalrangeismostpronouncedwithmales.[51] Reportsonseasonalvariationinrangesizehavebeenequivocal.Onestudyfoundalargevariationinmalerangesizes,from16 sq mi(41 km2)insummerupto40 sq mi(100 km2)inwinter.[41]Anotherfoundthatfemalebobcats,especiallythosewhichwerereproductivelyactive,expandedtheirhomerangeinwinter,butthatmalesmerelyshiftedtheirrangewithoutexpandingit,whichwasconsistentwithnumerousearlierstudies.[52]OtherresearchinvariousAmericanstateshasshownlittleornoseasonalvariation.[50][53][54] Likemostfelines,thebobcatislargelysolitary,butrangesoftenoverlap.Unusualforcats,malesaremoretolerantofoverlap,whilefemalesrarelywanderintoothers'ranges.[52]Giventheirsmallerrangesizes,twoormorefemalesmayresidewithinamale'shomerange.Whenmultipleterritoriesoverlap,adominancehierarchyisoftenestablished,resultingintheexclusionofsometransientsfromfavoredareas.[41] Inlinewithwidelydifferingestimatesofhomerangesize,populationdensityfiguresdivergefromoneto38bobcatsper10 sq mi(26 km2)inonesurvey.[36]Theaverageisestimatedatonebobcatper5 sq mi(13 km2).[41]Alinkhasbeenobservedbetweenpopulationdensityandsexratio.AnunhuntedpopulationinCaliforniahadasexratioof2.1malesperfemale.Whenthedensitydecreased,thesexratioskewedto0.86malesperfemale.Anotherstudyobservedasimilarratio,andsuggestedthemalesmaybebetterabletocopewiththeincreasedcompetition,andthishelpedlimitreproductionuntilvariousfactorsloweredthedensity.[55] Huntinganddiet[edit] Bobcatsoftenpreyonrabbits,hares,androdents Thebobcatisabletosurviveforlongperiodswithoutfood,buteatsheavilywhenpreyisabundant.Duringleanperiods,itoftenpreysonlargeranimals,whichitcankillandreturntofeedonlater.Thebobcathuntsbystalkingitspreyandthenambushingwithashortchaseorpounce.Itspreferenceisformammalsweighingabout1.5to12.5 lb(0.7to6 kg).Itsmainpreyvariesbyregion:intheeasternUnitedStates,itistheeasterncottontailandNewEnglandcottontail,andinthenorth,itisthesnowshoehare.Whenthesepreyspeciesexisttogether,asinNewEngland,theyaretheprimaryfoodsourcesofthebobcat.Inthefarsouth,therabbitsandharesaresometimesreplacedbycottonratsastheprimaryfoodsource.Birdsuptothesizeofanadulttrumpeterswanarealsotakeninambusheswhilenesting,alongwiththeirfledglingsandeggs.[56]Thebobcatisanopportunisticpredatorthat,unlikethemorespecializedCanadalynx,readilyvariesitspreyselection.[36]Dietdiversificationpositivelycorrelatestoadeclineinnumbersofthebobcat'sprincipalprey;theabundanceofitsmainpreyspeciesisthemaindeterminantofoveralldiet.[57] Thebobcathuntsanimalsofdifferentsizes,andadjustsitshuntingtechniquesaccordingly.Withsmallanimals,suchasrodents(includingsquirrels,moles,muskrats,mice),birds,fishincludingsmallsharks,[58]andinsects,ithuntsinareasknowntobeabundantinprey,andwilllie,crouch,orstand,andwaitforvictimstowanderclose.Itthenpounces,grabbingitspreywithitssharp,retractableclaws.Forslightlylargeranimals,suchasgeese,ducks,rabbits,andhares,itstalksfromcoverandwaitsuntilpreycomeswithin20to35 ft(6.1to10.7 m)beforerushingintoattack.Lesscommonly,itfeedsonlargeranimals,suchasyoungungulates,andothercarnivores,suchasfishers(primarilyfemale),foxes,minks,martens,skunks,raccoons,smalldogs,anddomesticatedcats.[41][59][60][61][62]Bobcatsarealsooccasionalhuntersoflivestockandpoultry.Whilelargerspecies,suchascattle,andhorses,arenotknowntobeattacked,bobcatsdopresentathreattosmallerruminants,suchaspigs,sheepandgoats.AccordingtotheNationalAgriculturalStatisticsService,bobcatskilled11,100sheepin2004,comprising4.9%ofallsheeppredatordeaths.[63]However,someamountofbobcatpredationmaybemisidentified,asbobcatshavebeenknowntoscavengeontheremainsoflivestockkillsbyotheranimals.[64] Ithasbeenknowntokilldeerorpronghorn,andsometimestohuntelkinwesternNorthAmerica,especiallyinwinterwhensmallerpreyisscarce,orwhendeerpopulationsbecomemoreabundant.OnestudyintheEvergladesshowedalargemajorityofkills(33of39)werefawns,AccordingtotheYellowstoneshowedalargenumberofkills(15of20)wereincludeselkcalves,butpreyuptoeighttimesthebobcat'sweightcouldbesuccessfullytaken.[65]Itstalksthedeer,oftenwhenthedeerislyingdown,thenrushesinandgrabsitbytheneckbeforebitingthethroat,baseoftheskull,orchest.Ontherareoccasionsabobcatkillsadeer,iteatsitsfillandthenburiesthecarcassundersnoworleaves,oftenreturningtoitseveraltimestofeed.[41] Thebobcatpreybaseoverlapswiththatofothermidsizedpredatorsofasimilarecologicalniche.ResearchinMainehasshownlittleevidenceofcompetitiverelationshipsbetweenthebobcatandcoyoteorredfox;separationdistancesandterritoryoverlapappearedrandomamongsimultaneouslymonitoredanimals.[66]However,otherstudieshavefoundbobcatpopulationsmaydecreaseinareaswithhighcoyotepopulations,withthemoresocialinclinationofthecanidgivingthemapossiblecompetitiveadvantage.[67]WiththeCanadalynx,however,theinterspecificrelationshipaffectsdistributionpatterns;competitiveexclusionbythebobcatislikelytohavepreventedanyfurthersouthwardexpansionoftherangeofitsfelidrelative.[17] Reproductionandlifecycle[edit] BobcatkittensinJune,about2–4monthsold Theaveragelifespanofthebobcatissevenyearsbutrarelyexceeds10years.Theoldestwildbobcatonrecordwas16yearsold,andtheoldestcaptivebobcatlivedtobe32.[55] Bobcatsgenerallybeginbreedingbytheirsecondsummer,thoughfemalesmaystartasearlyastheirfirstyear.SpermproductionbeginseachyearbySeptemberorOctober,andthemaleisfertileintothesummer.Adominantmaletravelswithafemaleandmateswithherseveraltimes,generallyfromwinteruntilearlyspring;thisvariesbylocation,butmostmatingtakesplaceduringFebruaryandMarch.Thepairmayundertakeanumberofdifferentbehaviors,includingbumping,chasing,andambushing.Othermalesmaybeinattendance,butremainuninvolved.Oncethemalerecognizesthefemaleisreceptive,hegraspsherinthetypicalfelidneckgripandmateswithher.Thefemalemaylatergoontomatewithothermales,[41]andmalesgenerallymatewithseveralfemales.[68]Duringcourtship,thebobcat'svocalizationsincludescreamingandhissing.[69]ResearchinTexasrevealedthatestablishingahomerangeisnecessaryforbreeding;studiedanimalswithoutahomerangehadnoidentifiedoffspring.[51]Thefemalehasanestrouscycleof44days,withtheestruslastingfivetotendays.Bobcatsremainreproductivelyactivethroughouttheirlives.[25][68] Thefemaleraisestheyoungalone.Onetosix,butusuallytwotofour,kittensareborninAprilorMay,afterroughly60to70daysofgestation.Sometimes,asecondlitterisbornaslateasSeptember.Thefemalegenerallygivesbirthinanenclosedspace,usuallyasmallcaveorhollowlog.Theyoungopentheireyesbytheninthortenthday.Theystartexploringtheirsurroundingsatfourweeksandareweanedatabouttwomonths.Withinthreetofivemonths,theybegintotravelwiththeirmother.[69]Theyhuntbythemselvesbyfalloftheirfirstyear,andusuallydisperseshortlythereafter.[41]InMichigan,however,theyhavebeenobservedstayingwiththeirmotheraslateasthenextspring.[68] Predators[edit] Skullshowinglargecurvedcanines Theadultbobcathasrelativelyfewpredators.Howeverrarely,itmaybekilledininterspecificconflictbyseverallargerpredatorsorfallpreytothem.Cougarsandgraywolvescankilladultbobcats,abehaviorrepeatedlyobservedinYellowstoneNationalPark.[70][71]Coyoteshavekilledadultbobcatsandkittens.[72][73][74]AtleastoneconfirmedobservationofabobcatandanAmericanblackbear(Ursusamericanus)fightingoveracarcassisconfirmed.[75]LikeotherLynxspecies,bobcatsprobablyavoidencounterswithbears,inpartbecausetheyarelikelytolosekillstothemormayrarelybeattackedbythem.[76][77]Bobcatremainshaveoccasionallybeenfoundintherestingsitesofmalefishers.[78]Americanalligators(Alligatormississippensis)havebeenfilmedopportunisticallypreyingonadultbobcatsinthesoutheastUnitedStates.[79][80]Goldeneagles(Aquilachrysaetos)havebeenreportedlyobservedpreyingonbobcats.[81] Bobcatdefendingakillfromapairofcoyotes Kittensmaybetakenbyseveralpredators,includinggreathornedowls,eagles,foxes,andbears,andotheradultmalebobcats.[82]Whenpreypopulationsarenotabundant,fewerkittensarelikelytoreachadulthood. Diseases,accidents,hunters,automobiles,andstarvationaretheotherleadingcausesofdeath.Juvenilesshowhighmortalityshortlyafterleavingtheirmothers,whilestillperfectingtheirhuntingtechniques.Onestudyof15bobcatsshowedyearlysurvivalratesforbothsexesaveraged0.62,inlinewithotherresearchsuggestingratesof0.56to0.67.[83]Cannibalismhasbeenreported;kittensmaybetakenwhenpreylevelsarelow,butthisisveryrareanddoesnotmuchinfluencethepopulation.[55] Thebobcatmayhaveexternalparasites,mostlyticksandfleas,andoftencarriestheparasitesofitsprey,especiallythoseofrabbitsandsquirrels.Internalparasites(endoparasites)areespeciallycommoninbobcats.[84]Onestudyfoundanaverageinfectionrateof52%fromToxoplasmagondii,butwithgreatregionalvariation.[85]Onemiteinparticular,Lynxacarusmorlani,hastodatebeenfoundonlyonthebobcat.Parasites'anddiseases'roleinthemortalityofthebobcatisstillunclear,buttheymayaccountforgreatermortalitythanstarvation,accidents,andpredation.[55] Conservation[edit] ThebobcatpopulationhasseenadeclineintheAmericanMidwest,butisgenerallystableandhealthy ItislistedinAppendixIIoftheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora(CITES),[86]whichmeansitisnotconsideredthreatenedwithextinction,buthuntingandtradingmustbecloselymonitored.Theanimalisregulatedinallthreeofitsrangecountries,andisfoundinanumberofprotectedareasoftheUnitedStates,itsprincipalterritory.[36]EstimatesfromtheUSFishandWildlifeServiceplacedbobcatnumbersbetween700,000and1,500,000intheUSin1988,withincreasedrangeandpopulationdensitysuggestingevengreaternumbersinsubsequentyears;forthesereasons,theU.S.haspetitionedCITEStoremovethecatfromAppendixII.[42]PopulationsinCanadaandMexicoremainstableandhealthy.ItislistedasleastconcernontheIUCNRedList,notingitisrelativelywidespreadandabundant,butinformationfromsouthernMexicoispoor.[1] ThespeciesisconsideredendangeredinOhio,Indiana,andNewJersey.ItwasremovedfromthethreatenedlistofIllinoisin1999andofIowain2003.InPennsylvania,limitedhuntingandtrappingareonceagainallowed,afterhavingbeenbannedfrom1970to1999.ThebobcatalsosufferedpopulationdeclineinNewJerseyattheturnofthe19thcentury,mainlybecauseofcommercialandagriculturaldevelopmentscausinghabitatfragmentation;by1972,thebobcatwasgivenfulllegalprotection,andwaslistedasendangeredinthestatein1991.[25]TheMexicanbobcatL.r.escuinipaewasforatimeconsideredendangeredbytheUSFishandWildlifeService,butwasdelistedin2005.[87]Between2003and2011,areductioninbobcatsightingsintheEvergladesby87.5%hasbeenattributedtopredationbytheinvasiveBurmesepython.[88] Thebobcathaslongbeenvaluedbothforfurandsport;ithasbeenhuntedandtrappedbyhumans,buthasmaintainedahighpopulation,eveninthesouthernUnitedStates,whereitisextensivelyhunted.Inthe1970sand1980s,anunprecedentedriseinpriceforbobcatfurcausedfurtherinterestinhunting,butbytheearly1990s,priceshaddroppedsignificantly.[89]Regulatedhuntingstillcontinues,withhalfofmortalityofsomepopulationsbeingattributedtothiscause.Asaresult,therateofbobcatdeathsisskewedinwinter,whenhuntingseasonisgenerallyopen.[55] Urbanizationcanresultinthefragmentationofcontiguousnaturallandscapesintopatchyhabitatwithinanurbanarea.Animalsthatliveinthesefragmentedareasoftenhavereducedmovementbetweenthehabitatpatches,whichcanleadtoreducedgeneflowandpathogentransmissionbetweenpatches.Animalssuchasthebobcatareparticularlysensitivetofragmentationbecauseoftheirlargehomeranges.[90]AstudyincoastalSouthernCaliforniahasshownbobcatpopulationsareaffectedbyurbanization,creationofroads,andotherdevelopments.Thepopulationsmaynotbedecliningasmuchaspredicted,butinsteadtheconnectivityofdifferentpopulationsisaffected.Thisleadstoadecreaseinnaturalgeneticdiversityamongbobcatpopulations.[91]Forbobcats,preservingopenspaceinsufficientquantitiesandqualityisnecessaryforpopulationviability.Educatinglocalresidentsabouttheanimalsiscritical,aswell,forconservationinurbanareas.[92] InbobcatsusingurbanhabitatsinCalifornia,theuseofrodenticideshasbeenlinkedtobothsecondarypoisoningbyconsumingpoisonedratsandmice,andtoincreasedratesofseveremiteinfestation(knownasnotoedricmange),asananimalwithapoison-weakenedimmunesystemislesscapableoffightingoffmange.LiverautopsiesinCaliforniabobcatsthathavesuccumbedtonotoedricmangehaverevealedchronicrodenticideexposure.[93][94]Alternativerodentcontrolmeasuressuchasvegetationcontrolanduseoftrapshavebeensuggestedtoalleviatethisissue.[95] Importanceinhumanculture[edit] Storiesfeaturingthebobcat,inmanyvariations,arefoundinsomeIndigenousculturesofNorthAmerica,withparallelsinSouthAmerica.AstoryfromtheNezPerce,forinstance,depictsthebobcatandcoyoteasopposed,antitheticalbeings.[96]However,anotherversionrepresentsthemwithequalityandidenticality.ClaudeLévi-Straussarguesthattheformerconcept,thatoftwinsrepresentingopposites,isaninherentthemeinNewWorldmythologies,butthattheyarenotequallybalancedfigures,representinganopen-endeddualismratherthanthesymmetricdualityofOldWorldcultures.Thelatternotionthen,Lévi-Strausssuggests,istheresultofregularcontactbetweenEuropeansandnativecultures.Additionally,theversionfoundintheNezPercestoryisofmuchgreatercomplexity,whiletheversionofequalityseemstohavelostthetale'soriginalmeaning.[97] InaShawneetale,thebobcatisoutwittedbyarabbit,whichgivesrisetoitsspots.Aftertrappingtherabbitinatree,thebobcatispersuadedtobuildafire,onlytohavetheembersscatteredonitsfur,leavingitsingedwithdarkbrownspots.[98]TheMohavepeoplebelieveddreaminghabituallyofbeingsorobjectswouldaffordthemtheircharacteristicsassupernaturalpowers.Dreamingoftwodeities,cougarandlynx,theythought,wouldgrantthemthesuperiorhuntingskillsofotherTribes.[99]European-descendedinhabitantsoftheAmericasalsoadmiredthecat,bothforitsferocityanditsgrace,andintheUnitedStates,it"restsprominentlyintheanthologyof ...nationalfolklore."[100] Graveartifactsfromdirtdomesexcavatedinthe1980salongtheIllinoisRiverrevealedacompleteskeletonofayoungbobcatalongwithacollarmadeofbonependantsandshellbeadsthathadbeenburiedbytheHopewellculture.Thetypeandplaceofburialindicateatamedandcherishedpetorpossiblespiritualsignificance.TheHopewellnormallyburiedtheirdogs,sotheboneswereinitiallyidentifiedasremainsofapuppy,butdogswereusuallyburiedclosetothevillageandnotinthemoundsthemselves.Thisistheonlywildcatdecoratedburialonthearchaeologicalrecord.[101][102] Seealso[edit] Mammalsportal Catsportal NorthAmericaportal Eurasianlynx Iberianlynx Canadianlynx References[edit] ^abcdeKelly,M.;Morin,D.&Lopez-Gonzalez,C.A.(2016)."Lynxrufus".IUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies.2016:e.T12521A50655874.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12521A50655874.en.Retrieved19November2021. ^Schreber,J.C.D.(1778)."DerRotluchs".DieSäugethiereinAbbildungennachderNatur,mitBeschreibungen.Erlangen:WolfgangWalther.pp. 442–443. 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Furtherreading[edit] Burton,M.;Burton,R.(1970).Theinternationalwildlifeencyclopedia.1.MarshallCavendishCorp.pp. 253–257.ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7. Hansen,K.(2006).Bobcat:masterofsurvival.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-19-518303-0. Sunquist,M.E.;Sunquist,F.(2002)."BobcatLynxrufus(Schreber,1777)".WildCatsoftheWorld.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress.pp. 185–197.ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7. VanWormer,J.(1963).TheWorldoftheBobcat.J.B.Lippincott.OCLC 684572. Externallinks[edit] Listentothisarticle(37minutes) Thisaudiofilewascreatedfromarevisionofthisarticledated29 January 2009 (2009-01-29),anddoesnotreflectsubsequentedits.(Audiohelp ·Morespokenarticles) WikispecieshasinformationrelatedtoLynxrufus. WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoLynxrufus. "Bobcat".IUCN/SSCCatSpecialistGroup. "Bobcats".NationalGeographic. Skahill,P.(2019)."WhatarethesecretsofConnecticut'sBobcats?".ConnecticutPublicRadio/WNPR. vteExtantCarnivoraspecies Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Infraclass:Eutheria Superorder:Laurasiatheria SuborderFeliformiaNandiniidaeNandinia Africanpalmcivet(N.binotata) Herpestidae(Mongooses)Atilax Marshmongoose(A.paludinosus) Bdeogale Bushy-tailedmongoose(B.crassicauda) Jackson'smongoose(B.jacksoni) Black-footedmongoose(B.nigripes) Crossarchus Alexander'skusimanse(C.alexandri) Angolankusimanse(C.ansorgei) Commonkusimanse(C.obscurus) Flat-headedkusimanse(C.platycephalus) Cynictis Yellowmongoose(C.penicillata) Dologale Pousargues'smongoose(D.dybowskii) Helogale Ethiopiandwarfmongoose(H.hirtula) Commondwarfmongoose(H.parvula) Herpestes Angolanslendermongoose(H.flavescens) Egyptianmongoose(H.ichneumon) Somalianslendermongoose(H.ochracea) Capegraymongoose(H.pulverulenta) Commonslendermongoose(H.sanguinea) Ichneumia White-tailedmongoose(I.albicauda) Liberiictus Liberianmongoose(L.kuhni) Mungos Gambianmongoose(M.gambianus) Bandedmongoose(M.mungo) Paracynictis Selous'smongoose(P.selousi) Rhynchogale Meller'smongoose(R.melleri) Suricata Meerkat(S.suricatta) Urva SmallIndianmongoose(U.auropunctata) Short-tailedmongoose(U.brachyura) Indiangreymongoose(U.edwardsii) Indianbrownmongoose(U.fusca) Javanmongoose(U.javanica) Collaredmongoose(U.semitorquata) Ruddymongoose(U.smithii) Crab-eatingmongoose(U.urva) Stripe-neckedmongoose(U.vitticolla) Xenogale Long-nosedmongoose(X.naso) Hyaenidae(Hyenas)Crocuta Spottedhyena(C.crocuta) Hyaena Stripedhyena(H.hyaena) Parahyaena Brownhyena(P.brunnea) Proteles Aardwolf(P.cristata) FelidaeLargefamilylistedbelowViverridaeLargefamilylistedbelowEupleridaeSmallfamilylistedbelowFamilyFelidaeFelinaeAcinonyx Cheetah(A.jubatus) Caracal Africangoldencat(C.aurata) Caracal(C.caracal) Catopuma Baycat(C.badia) Asiangoldencat(C.temminckii) Felis Chinesemountaincat(F.bieti) Domesticcat(F.catus) Junglecat(F.chaus) Africanwildcat(F.lybica) Sandcat(F.margarita) Black-footedcat(F.nigripes) Europeanwildcat(F.silvestris) Herpailurus Jaguarundi(H.yagouaroundi) Leopardus Pantanalcat(L.braccatus) Pampascat(L.colocola) Easternoncilla(L.emiliae) Northerncolocolo(L.garleppi) Geoffroy'scat(L.geoffroyi) Kodkod(L.guigna) Southerntigercat(L.guttulus) Andeanmountaincat(L.jacobita) Muñoa'scolocolo(L.munoai) Southerncolocolo(L.pajeros) Ocelot(L.pardalis) Oncilla(L.tigrinus) Margay(L.wiedii) Leptailurus Serval(L.serval) Lynx Canadalynx(L.canadensis) Eurasianlynx(L.lynx) Iberianlynx(L.pardinus) Bobcat(L.rufus) Otocolobus Pallas'scat(O.manul) Pardofelis Marbledcat(P.marmorata) Prionailurus Leopardcat(P.bengalensis) Sundaleopardcat(P.javanensis) Flat-headedcat(P.planiceps) Rusty-spottedcat(P.rubiginosus) Fishingcat(P.viverrinus) Puma Cougar(P.concolor) PantherinaePanthera Lion(P.leo) Jaguar(P.onca) Leopard(P.pardus) Tiger(P.tigris) Snowleopard(P.uncia) Neofelis Sundacloudedleopard(N.diardi) Cloudedleopard(N.nebulosa) FamilyViverridaeParadoxurinaeArctictis Binturong(A.binturong) Arctogalidia Small-toothedpalmcivet(A.trivirgata) Macrogalidia Sulawesipalmcivet(M.musschenbroekii) Paguma Maskedpalmcivet(P.larvata) Paradoxurus Asianpalmcivet(P.hermaphroditus) Brownpalmcivet(P.jerdoni) Goldenpalmcivet(P.zeylonensis) HemigalinaeChrotogale Owston'spalmcivet(C.owstoni) Cynogale Ottercivet(C.bennettii) Diplogale Hose'spalmcivet(D.hosei) Hemigalus Bandedpalmcivet(H.derbyanus) Prionodontinae(Asiaticlinsangs)Prionodon Bandedlinsang(P.linsang) Spottedlinsang(P.pardicolor) ViverrinaeCivettictis Africancivet(C.civetta) Genetta(Genets) Abyssiniangenet(G.abyssinica) Angolangenet(G.angolensis) Bourlon'sgenet(G.bourloni) Crestedservalinegenet(G.cristata) Commongenet(G.genetta) Johnston'sgenet(G.johnstoni) Letabagenet(G.letabae) Rusty-spottedgenet(G.maculata) Pardinegenet(G.pardina) Aquaticgenet(G.piscivora) Kinggenet(G.poensis) Servalinegenet(G.servalina) Hausagenet(G.thierryi) Capegenet(G.tigrina) Giantforestgenet(G.victoriae) Poiana CentralAfricanoyan(P.richardsonii) WestAfricanoyan(P.leightoni) Viverra Malabarlarge-spottedcivet(V.civettina) Large-spottedcivet(V.megaspila) Malayancivet(V.tangalunga) LargeIndiancivet(V.zibetha) Viverricula SmallIndiancivet(V.indica) FamilyEupleridaeEuplerinaeCryptoprocta Fossa(C.ferox) Eupleres Easternfalanouc(E.goudotii) Westernfalanouc(E.major) Fossa Malagasycivet(F.fossana) GalidiinaeGalidia Ring-tailedvontsira(G.elegans) Galidictis Broad-stripedMalagasymongoose(G.fasciata) Grandidier'smongoose(G.grandidieri) Mungotictis Narrow-stripedmongoose(M.decemlineata) Salanoia Brown-tailedmongoose(S.concolor) Durrell'svontsira(S.durrelli) SuborderCaniformia(cont.below)Ursidae(Bears)Ailuropoda Giantpanda(A.melanoleuca) Helarctos Sunbear(H.malayanus) Melursus Slothbear(M.ursinus) Tremarctos Spectacledbear(T.ornatus) Ursus Americanblackbear(U.americanus) Brownbear(U.arctos) Polarbear(U.maritimus) Asianblackbear(U.thibetanus) Mephitidae(Skunks)Conepatus(Hog-nosedskunks) Molina'shog-nosedskunk(C.chinga) Americanhog-nosedskunk(C.leuconotus) Stripedhog-nosedskunk(C.semistriatus) Mephitis Hoodedskunk(M.macroura) Stripedskunk(M.mephitis) Mydaus Sundastinkbadger(M.javanensis) Palawanstinkbadger(M.marchei) Spilogale(Spottedskunks) Southernspottedskunk(S.angustifrons) Westernspottedskunk(S.gracilis) Easternspottedskunk(S.putorius) Pygmyspottedskunk(S.pygmaea) Procyonidae(Raccoons,coatis,olingos)Bassaricyon(Olingos) Easternlowlandolingo(B.alleni) Northernolingo(B.gabbii) Westernlowlandolingo(B.medius) Olinguito(B.neblina) Bassariscus Ringtail(B.astutus) Cacomistle(B.sumichrasti) Nasua(Coatisinclusive) White-nosedcoati(N.narica) SouthAmericancoati(N.nasua) Nasuella(Coatisinclusive) Westernmountaincoati(N.olivacea) Potos Kinkajou(P.flavus) Procyon Crab-eatingraccoon(P.cancrivorus) Raccoon(P.lotor) Cozumelraccoon(P.pygmaeus) AiluridaeAilurus Himlayanredpanda(A.fulgens) Chineseredpanda(A.styani) SuborderCaniformia(cont.above)Otariidae(Earedseals)(includesfursealsandsealions)(Pinnipedinclusive)Arctocephalus SouthAmericanfurseal(A.australis) Australasianfurseal(A.forsteri) Galápagosfurseal(A.galapagoensis) Antarcticfurseal(A.gazella) JuanFernándezfurseal(A.philippii) Brownfurseal(A.pusillus) Guadalupefurseal(A.townsendi) Subantarcticfurseal(A.tropicalis) Callorhinus Northernfurseal(C.ursinus) Eumetopias Stellersealion(E.jubatus) Neophoca Australiansealion(N.cinerea) Otaria SouthAmericansealion(O.flavescens) Phocarctos NewZealandsealion(P.hookeri) Zalophus Californiasealion(Z.californianus) Galápagossealion(Z.wollebaeki) Odobenidae(Pinnipedinclusive)Odobenus Walrus(O.rosmarus) Phocidae(Earlessseals)(Pinnipedinclusive)Cystophora Hoodedseal(C.cristata) Erignathus Beardedseal(E.barbatus) Halichoerus Greyseal(H.grypus) Histriophoca Ribbonseal(H.fasciata) Hydrurga Leopardseal(H.leptonyx) Leptonychotes Weddellseal(L.weddellii) Lobodon Crabeaterseal(L.carcinophagus) Mirounga(Elephantseals) Northernelephantseal(M.angustirostris) Southernelephantseal(M.leonina) Monachus Mediterraneanmonkseal(M.monachus) Neomonachus Hawaiianmonkseal(N.schauinslandi) Ommatophoca Rossseal(O.rossi) Pagophilus Harpseal(P.groenlandicus) Phoca Spottedseal(P.largha) Harborseal(P.vitulina) Pusa Caspianseal(P.caspica) Ringedseal(P.hispida) Baikalseal(P.sibirica) CanidaeLargefamilylistedbelowMustelidaeLargefamilylistedbelowFamilyCanidae(includesdogs)Atelocynus Short-eareddog(A.microtis) Canis Goldenjackal(C.aureus) Domesticdog(C.familiaris) Coyote(C.latrans) Africanwolf(C.lupaster) Wolf(C.lupus) Easternwolf(C.lycaon) Redwolf(C.rufus) Ethiopianwolf(C.simensis) Cerdocyon Crab-eatingfox(C.thous) Chrysocyon Manedwolf(C.brachyurus) Cuon Dhole(C.alpinus) Lupulella Side-stripedjackal(L.adustus) Black-backedjackal(L.mesomelas) Lycalopex Culpeo(L.culpaeus) Darwin'sfox(L.fulvipes) SouthAmericangrayfox(L.griseus) Pampasfox(L.gymnocercus) Sechuranfox(L.sechurae) Hoaryfox(L.vetulus) Lycaon Africanwilddog(L.pictus) Nyctereutes Commonraccoondog(N.procyonoides) Japaneseraccoondog(N.viverrinus) Otocyon Bat-earedfox(O.megalotis) Speothos Bushdog(S.venaticus) Urocyon Grayfox(U.cinereoargenteus) Islandfox(U.littoralis) Vulpes(Foxes) Bengalfox(V.bengalensis) Blanford'sfox(V.cana) Capefox(V.chama) Corsacfox(V.corsac) Tibetanfox(V.ferrilata) Arcticfox(V.lagopus) Kitfox(V.macrotis) Palefox(V.pallida) Rüppell'sfox(V.rueppelli) Swiftfox(V.velox) Redfox(V.vulpes) Fennecfox(V.zerda) FamilyMustelidaeHelictidinae(Ferret-badgers)Melogale Borneanferretbadger(M.everetti) Chineseferret-badger(M.moschata) Javanferret-badger(M.orientalis) Burmeseferret-badger(M.personata) Vietnamferret-badger(M.cucphuongensis) Guloninae(Martensandwolverines)Eira Tayra(E.barbara) Gulo Wolverine(G.gulo) Martes(Martens) Americanmarten(M.americana) Pacificmarten(M.caurina) Yellow-throatedmarten(M.flavigula) Beechmarten(M.foina) Nilgirimarten(M.gwatkinsii) Europeanpinemarten(M.martes) Japanesemarten(M.melampus) Sable(M.zibellina) Pekania Fisher(P.pennanti) Ictonychinae(Africanpolecatsandgrisons)Galictis Lessergrison(G.cuja) Greatergrison(G.vittata) Ictonyx Saharanstripedpolecat(I.libyca) Stripedpolecat(I.striatus) Lyncodon Patagonianweasel(L.patagonicus) Poecilogale Africanstripedweasel(P.albinucha) Vormela Marbledpolecat(V.peregusna) Lutrinae(Otters)Aonyx Africanclawlessotter(A.capensis) Asiansmall-clawedotter(A.cinereus) Congoclawlessotter(A.congicus) Enhydra Seaotter(E.lutris) Hydrictis Spotted-neckedotter(H.maculicollis) Lontra NorthAmericanriverotter(L.canadensis) Marineotter(L.felina) Neotropicalotter(L.longicaudis) Southernriverotter(L.provocax) Lutra Eurasianotter(L.lutra) Hairy-nosedotter(L.sumatrana) Lutrogale Smooth-coatedotter(L.perspicillata) Pteronura Giantotter(P.brasiliensis) Melinae(Eurasianbadgers)Arctonyx Hogbadger(A.collaris) Meles Japanesebadger(M.anakuma) Caucasianbadger(M.canescens) Asianbadger(M.leucurus) Europeanbadger(M.meles) MellivorinaeMellivora Honeybadger(M.capensis) Mustelinae(Weaselsandminks)Mustela(Weaselsandferrets) Mountainweasel(M.altaica) Stoat/Beringianermine(M.erminea) Steppepolecat(M.eversmannii) Ferret(M.furo) Haidaermine(M.haidarum) Japaneseweasel(M.itatsi) Yellow-belliedweasel(M.kathiah) Europeanmink(M.lutreola) Indonesianmountainweasel(M.lutreolina) Black-footedferret(M.nigripes) Leastweasel(M.nivalis) Malayanweasel(M.nudipes) Europeanpolecat(M.putorius) Americanermine(M.richardsonii) Siberianweasel(M.sibirica) Back-stripedweasel(M.strigidorsa) Neogale Amazonweasel(N.africana) Colombianweasel(N.felipei) Long-tailedweasel(N.frenata) Americanmink(N.vison) TaxidiinaeTaxidea Americanbadger(T.taxus) vteGameanimalsandshootinginNorthAmericaGamebirds Bobwhitequail Chukar Hungarianpartridge Prairiechicken Mourningdove Ring-neckedpheasant Ptarmigan Ruffedgrouse Sharp-tailedgrouse Snipe(commonsnipe) Sprucegrouse Turkey Woodcock Waterfowl Blackduck Canadagoose Canvasback Gadwall Greaterscaup Lesserscaup Mallard Northernpintail Redhead Ross'sgoose Snowgoose Woodduck Biggame Bighornsheep Blackbear Razorback Brownbear Bison(buffalo) Caribou Cougar(mountainlion) Elk Moose White-taileddeer Wolf Mountaingoat Muledeer Pronghorn Muskox Dallsheep Polarbear Whales Otherquarry Americanalligator Badger Bobcat Coyote Foxsquirrel Grayfox Graysquirrel Opossum Rabbit Raccoon Redfox Snowshoehare Seealso Bearhunting Big-gamehunting Bisonhunting Deerhunting Foxhunting Waterfowlhunting Whaling Fishing Wolfhunting Uplandhunting Taxonidentifiers Wikidata:Q131907 Wikispecies:Lynxrufus ADW:Lynx_rufus ARKive:lynx-rufus BOLD:12523 EoL:328602 EPPO:LYNXRU FEIS:lyru Fossilworks:47824 GBIF:2435246 iNaturalist:41976 IRMNG:10199263 ITIS:180582 IUCN:12521 MSW:14000163 NCBI:61384 Species+:4992 TSA:9751 ZooBank:3D61C550-3905-4C28-B2EC-1F8918606FC7 AuthoritycontrolGeneral IntegratedAuthorityFile(Germany) Nationallibraries UnitedStates Other MicrosoftAcademic 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