Exercise 11.5 Indirect Speech Acts - The Linguistic Structure ...

by asking permission to perform the speech act (a directive), e.g., May I ask you to pass the salt?, May I disturb you for the salt? –. by stating the ability/ ... Exercises Webresources References Ch.11|Exercise5 Chapter11InformationStructuringandSpeechActs Exercise11.5IndirectSpeechActs 1. Forthefollowingindirectspeechacts,(i)namethetypeoftheimplicitspeechact,(ii)writeouttheimplicitspeechact,and(iii)saywhatappropriatenessconditionontheimplicitspeechacttheexplicitspeechactgivesexpressionto. Example: Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddothedishes. Answer: i. directive ii. Irequestthatyoudothedishes. iii. SpdesiresHtodosomething(sinceritycondition) a. You’llbehappytoknowthattheworkwillbefinishedtomorrow. b. Themeetingisadjourned. c. Anysuggestionsyouhavearewelcome. d. Isn’tthatjustthebestideawe’veheardsofar? e. Can’tyousitstillforaminute? f. I’dbehonoredifyoucametomypartynextweek. g. You’rewelcometocometomypartynextweek. h. DidyouknowthatAllisonisgoingtoEuropethissummer? i. It'sobviousthatBillisgoingtobelateforhisinterview. j. LettheunknowninthisproblembeAx@. k. Canyoutellmehowmuchthatcosts? 2. a. Giventhefollowingdirectspeechact,writeasmanyindirectspeechactsasyoucanthinkof:“IpromisethatI’llpayyouthemoneytomorrow”.Explainhoweachworks. b. Otherwaystoperformindirectspeechactsconcerntheperformanceofthespeechactitself,nottheappropriatenessconditionsontheintendedspeechact(seeFraser1975): – bystatinganobligationtoperformthespeechact(anexpressive),e.g.,Imustaskyoutopassthesalt,Ihavetodisturbyouforthesalt. – bystatinganemotiveattitudetowardperformingthespeechact(anexpressive),e.g.,Iamsorrytodisturbyouforthesalt,Ihatetoaskyoutopassthesalt(whileyou’resobusyeating). – byaskingpermissiontoperformthespeechact(adirective),e.g.,MayIaskyoutopassthesalt?,MayIdisturbyouforthesalt? – bystatingtheability/desire/intentiontoperformthespeechact(anexpressive),e.g.,I{wouldlike,want}toaskyouforthesalt,Iamgoingtoaskthatyoupassthesalt,Icanrequestthatyoupassthesalt. Trytowriteindirectspeechactsforthedirectspeechactin(a)basedontheseprinciples. 3. Nametheconversationalimplicatureineachofthefollowing. a. Itwasveryfoggyandacaraccidentoccurred. b. (Hehasbeenunhappysincehisdogdiedlastyear. c. (Shefinishedherdegreeandgotmarried. d. SpeakerA:It'scoldinhere. SpeakerB:I’llturntheheatup. e. SpeakerA:Where'sHarry? SpeakerB:Jani'stakingaholidayinBermudanow. f. SpeakerA:What'stheweatherprediction? SpeakerB:Bringyourcoat. g. SpeakerA:Areyourparentscomingtovisit? SpeakerB:Mymotheris. h. SpeakerA:DoyoulikeRosie? SpeakerB:Well,shehasanicehusband. Key 1. a. i. Commissive ii. Ipromisethattheworkwillbefinishedtomorrow. iii. SpassumesthatfutureactionisbeneficialtoHandthatHdesiresthisaction(preparatorycondition). b. i. Declarative ii. Ideclarethismeetingadjourned. iii. Themeetingisadjourned(propositionalcontentcondition). c. i. Directive ii. Irequestthatyougivemeanysuggestionsthatyouhave. iii. SpwishesordesiresH’ssuggestions(sinceritycondition). d. i. Verdictive ii. IjudgethattobethebestideaI’veheardsofar. iii. TheideaisthebestthatSphasheard(propositionalcontent). e. i. Directive ii. Iorderyoutositstill. iii. Hisabletoperformactionrequested. f. i. Directive ii. Iinviteyoutomypartynextweek. iii. SpwantsHtoperformactionrequested. g. i. Commissive ii. Ipromisetowelcomeyoutomypartynextweek. iii. Spintendstoperformaction(ofwelcomingHtoparty). (N.B.Invitingisbothacommissiveandadirective.) h. i. Representative ii. IstatethatAllisonisgoingtoEuropethissummer. iii. Hdoesnotknowtheproposition(nonobviouscondition). i. i. Representative ii. IbelievethatBillisgoingtobelateforhisinterview. iii. Sphasevidence/reasonsforbelievingthetruthoftheproposition(preparatorycondition). j. i. Declarative ii. Ideclaretheunknowninthisproblemtobe“x”. iii. Theunknowninthisproblemis“x”(propositionalcontent). k. i. Directive ii. Irequestthatyoutellmehowmuchthatcosts. iii. SpbelievesthattheHisabletogiveinformationrequested(preparatorycondition). 2. a. Appropriatenessconditionsonthedirectspeechact: Spisabletoperformaction(preparatorycondition):Icanpayyoutomorrow.Igetpaidtomorrow(andsocanpayyou. SpthinksHwantsSptoperformaction(preparatorycondition):Iknowyouwantyourmoneytomorrow.Doyouwantmetopayyoutomorrow?WouldyouratherIpayyoutomorrow? Spiswillingtoperformaction(preparatorycondition):Iamwillingtopayyoutomorrow. Spintendstoperformaction(sinceritycondition):I{plan,intend}topayyoutomorrow.Iwillpayyoutomorrow. FutureactionofSp(propositionalcontentcondition):Iamgoingtopayyoutomorrow.Iamgoingtogiveyouthemoneytomorrow.Ishallpayyoutomorrow. ItisnotobvioustoallthatSpwillpayHtomorrow(nonobviouscondition):Letme{assure,tell}youIwillpayyoutomorrow. TherearereasonsforSptoperformaction(reasonablenessconditions): I’dbetterpayyoutomorrow.ItwouldbeagoodideaifIpaidyoutomorrow. b. Conditionsrelatingtotheperformanceofthespeechact: Spaskspermissiontoperformthespeechact:MayIassureyouthatIwillpayyoutomorrow. Spstatesobligationtoperformthespeechact:I{haveto,must}assureyouthatIwillpayyoutomorrow. Spexpressesemotiontowardperformingthespeechact:I’mhappytotellyouthatIwillpayyoutomorrow. Spstatesability/willingness/desire/intentiontoperformspeechact:IwanttoassureyouthatIwillpayyoutomorrow.I{can,will}promiseyouthatIwillpayyoutomorrow. 3. a. Theaccidentoccurredbecauseitwasveryfoggy. b. Heisunhappybecausehisdogdied. c. Shefinishedherdegreeandthengotmarried. d. SpeakerBmakestheimplicaturethatbecauseAiscold,heorshewantsmoreheat. e. SpeakerAistomaketheimplicaturethatHarryiswithJanionherholidayinBermuda. f. SpeakerAistomaketheimplicaturethattheweatherpredictionisforcoldweather. g. SpeakerAistomaketheimplicaturethatB'sfatherisnotcoming. h. SpeakerAistomaketheimplicaturethatBdoesnotlikeRosie.