World population - Wikipedia

In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living, and was estimated to have exceeded 7.9 billion people as of November ... Worldpopulation FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch TotalnumberoflivinghumansonEarth NottobeconfusedwithDemographicsoftheworld. High,medium,andlowprojectionsofthefuturehumanworldpopulation[1] Indemographics,theworldpopulationisthetotalnumberofhumanscurrentlyliving,andwasestimatedtohaveexceeded7.9billionpeopleasofNovember 2021[update].[2]Ittookover2millionyearsofhumanprehistoryandhistoryfortheworld'spopulationtoreach1billion[3]andonly200yearsmoretogrowto7billion.[4] TheworldpopulationhasexperiencedcontinuousgrowthfollowingtheGreatFamineof1315–1317andtheendoftheBlackDeathin1350,whenitwasnear370 million.[5] Thehighestglobalpopulationgrowthrates,withincreasesofover1.8%peryear,occurredbetween1955and1975 –peakingat2.1%between1965and1970.[6]Thegrowthratedeclinedto1.2%between2010and2015andisprojectedtodeclinefurtherinthecourseofthe21stcentury.[6]Theglobalpopulationisstillincreasing,butthereissignificantuncertaintyaboutitslong-termtrajectoryduetochangingratesoffertilityandmortality.[7]TheUNDepartmentofEconomicsandSocialAffairsprojectsbetween9–10billionpeopleby2050,andgivesan80%confidenceintervalof10–12billionbytheendofthe21stcentury.[8]Otherdemographerspredictthatworldpopulationwillbegintodeclineinthesecondhalfofthe21stcentury.[9] Worldpopulationestimateandprojectionfrom10,000BCEto2100,byOurWorldInData,fromvarioussources-Thepopulationgrowsfrom2.43millionto10.9billionpeople.[10] Birthrateswerehighestinthelate1980satabout139 million,[11]andasof2011wereexpectedtoremainessentiallyconstantatalevelof135 million,[12]whilethemortalityratenumbered56 millionperyearandwereexpectedtoincreaseto80 millionperyearby2040.[13] Themedianageofhumanbeingsasof2020is31years.[14] Contents 1Populationbyregion 1.1Populationbycontinent 2History 2.1Ancientandpost-classicalhistory 2.2Modernhistory 2.3Milestonesbythebillions 3Globaldemographics 4Largestpopulationsbycountry 4.110mostpopulouscountries 4.2Mostdenselypopulatedcountries 5Fluctuation 5.1Annualpopulationgrowth 5.2Populationgrowthbyregion 5.3Pastpopulation 5.4Projections 6Mathematicalapproximations 6.1Yearsforworldpopulationtodouble 7Numberofhumanswhohaveeverlived 8Seealso 9Explanatorynotes 10References 11Furtherreading 12Externallinks Populationbyregion Worldpopulation(millions,UNestimates)[15] # Toptenmostpopulouscountries 2000 2015 2030[A] 1 China[B] 1,270 1,376 1,416 2 India 1,053 1,311 1,528 3 UnitedStates 283 322 356 4 Indonesia 212 258 295 5 Pakistan 136 208 245 6 Brazil 176 206 228 7 Nigeria 123 182 263 8 Bangladesh 131 161 186 9 Russia 146 146 149 10 Mexico 103 127 148 Worldtotal 6,127 7,349 8,501 Notes: ^2030=Mediumvariant. ^ChinaexcludesHongKongandMacau. SixoftheEarth'ssevencontinentsarepermanentlyinhabitedonalargescale.Asiaisthemostpopulouscontinent,withits4.64billioninhabitantsaccountingfor60%oftheworldpopulation.Theworld'stwomostpopulatedcountries,ChinaandIndia,togetherconstituteabout36%oftheworld'spopulation.Africaisthesecondmostpopulatedcontinent,witharound1.34billionpeople,or17%oftheworld'spopulation.Europe's747millionpeoplemakeup10%oftheworld'spopulationasof2020,whiletheLatinAmericanandCaribbeanregionsarehometoaround653million(8%).NorthAmerica,primarilyconsistingoftheUnitedStatesandCanada,hasapopulationofaround368million(5%),andOceania,theleastpopulatedregion,hasabout42millioninhabitants(0.5%).[16]Antarcticaonlyhasaverysmall,fluctuatingpopulationofabout1200peoplebasedmainlyinpolarsciencestations.[17] Populationbycontinent Populationbycontinent(2020estimates) Continent Density(inhabitants/km2) Population(millions) Mostpopulouscountry Mostpopulouscity(metropolitanarea) Asia 104.1 4,641 1,411,778,000[note1]– China 37,400,000/13,515,000–GreaterTokyoArea/TokyoMetropolis Africa 44.4 1,340 0211,401,000– Nigeria 20,076,000/9,500,000–GreaterCairo/Cairo Europe 73.4 747 0146,171,000– Russia;approx.110millioninEurope 20,004,000/13,200,000–Moscowmetropolitanarea/Moscow LatinAmerica 24.1 653 0214,103,000– Brazil 21,650,000/12,252,000–SãoPauloMetroArea/SãoPauloCity NorthernAmerica[note2] 14.9 368 0332,909,000– UnitedStates 18,819,000/8,804,000–NewYorkmetropolitanarea/NewYorkCity Oceania 5 42 0025,917,000– Australia 5,367,000–Sydney Antarctica ~0 0.004[17] N/A[note3] 1,258–McMurdoStation History Furtherinformation:EstimatesofhistoricalworldpopulationandHumanhistory Estimatesofworldpopulationbytheirnatureareanaspectofmodernity,possibleonlysincetheAgeofDiscovery.Earlyestimatesforthepopulationoftheworld[18]datetothe17thcentury:WilliamPettyin1682estimatedworldpopulationat320million(modernestimatesrangingclosetotwicethisnumber);bythelate18thcentury,estimatesrangedclosetoonebillion(consistentwithmodernestimates).[19]Morerefinedestimates,brokendownbycontinents,werepublishedinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury,at600millionto1billionintheearly1800sandat800millionto1billioninthe1840s.[20] Itisdifficultforestimatestobebetterthanroughapproximations,asevenmodernpopulationestimatesarefraughtwithuncertaintiesontheorderof3%to5%.[21] Ancientandpost-classicalhistory Mainarticles:ClassicaldemographyandMedievaldemography Estimatesofthepopulationoftheworldatthetimeagricultureemergedinaround10,000BChaverangedbetween1millionand15million.[22][23]Evenearlier,geneticevidencesuggestshumansmayhavegonethroughapopulationbottleneckofbetween1,000and10,000peopleabout70,000BC,accordingtotheTobacatastrophetheory.Bycontrast,itisestimatedthataround50–60millionpeoplelivedinthecombinedeasternandwesternRomanEmpireinthe4thcenturyAD.[24] ThePlagueofJustinian,whichfirstemergedduringthereignoftheRomanemperorJustinian,causedEurope'spopulationtodropbyaround50%betweenthe6thand8thcenturiesAD.[25]ThepopulationofEuropewasmorethan70millionin1340.[26]TheBlackDeathpandemicofthe14thcenturymayhavereducedtheworld'spopulationfromanestimated450millionin1340tobetween350and375millionin1400;[27]ittook200yearsforpopulationfigurestorecover.[28]ThepopulationofChinadecreasedfrom123millionin1200to65millionin1393,[29]presumablyfromacombinationofMongolinvasions,famine,andplague.[30] StartinginAD2,theHanDynastyofancientChinakeptconsistentfamilyregistersinordertoproperlyassessthepolltaxesandlaborservicedutiesofeachhousehold.[31]Inthatyear,thepopulationofWesternHanwasrecordedas57,671,400individualsin12,366,470households,decreasingto47,566,772individualsin9,348,227householdsbyAD146,towardstheEndoftheHanDynasty.[31]AtthefoundingoftheMingDynastyin1368,China'spopulationwasreportedtobecloseto60million;towardtheendofthedynastyin1644,itmayhaveapproached150million.[32]England'spopulationreachedanestimated5.6millionin1650,upfromanestimated2.6millionin1500.[33]NewcropsthatwerebroughttoAsiaandEuropefromtheAmericasbyPortugueseandSpanishcolonistsinthe16thcenturyarebelievedtohavecontributedtopopulationgrowth.[34][35][36]SincetheirintroductiontoAfricabyPortuguesetradersinthe16thcentury,[37]maizeandcassavahavesimilarlyreplacedtraditionalAfricancropsasthemostimportantstaplefoodcropsgrownonthecontinent.[38] Thepre-ColumbianpopulationoftheAmericasisuncertain;historianDavidHenigecalledit"themostunanswerablequestionintheworld."[39]Bytheendofthe20thcentury,scholarlyconsensusfavoredanestimateofroughly55millionpeople,butnumbersfromvarioussourceshaverangedfrom10millionto100million.[40]EncountersbetweenEuropeanexplorersandpopulationsintherestoftheworldoftenintroducedlocalepidemicsofextraordinaryvirulence.[41]Accordingtothemostextremescholarlyclaims,asmanyas90%oftheNativeAmericanpopulationoftheNewWorlddiedofOldWorlddiseasessuchassmallpox,measles,andinfluenza.[42]Overthecenturies,theEuropeanshaddevelopedhighdegreesofimmunitytothesediseases,whiletheindigenouspeopleshadnosuchimmunity.[43] Modernhistory Mapshowingurbanareaswithatleastonemillioninhabitantsin2006.Only3%oftheworld'spopulationlivedinurbanareasin1800;thisproportionhadrisento47%by2000,andreached50.5%by2010.[44]By2050,theproportionmayreach70%.[45] DuringtheEuropeanAgriculturalandIndustrialRevolutions,thelifeexpectancyofchildrenincreaseddramatically.[46]ThepercentageofthechildrenborninLondonwhodiedbeforetheageoffivedecreasedfrom74.5%in1730–1749to31.8%in1810–1829.[47][48]Between1700and1900,Europe'spopulationincreasedfromabout100milliontoover400million.[49]Altogether,theareaspopulatedbypeopleofEuropeandescentcomprised36%oftheworld'spopulationin1900.[50] PopulationgrowthintheWestbecamemorerapidaftertheintroductionofvaccinationandotherimprovementsinmedicineandsanitation.[51]ImprovedmaterialconditionsledtothepopulationofBritainincreasingfrom10millionto40millioninthe19thcentury.[52]ThepopulationoftheUnitedKingdomreached60millionin2006.[53]TheUnitedStatessawitspopulationgrowfromaround5.3millionin1800to106millionin1920,exceeding307millionin2010.[54] Thefirsthalfofthe20thcenturyinImperialRussiaandtheSovietUnionwasmarkedbyasuccessionofmajorwars,faminesandotherdisasterswhichcausedlarge-scalepopulationlosses(approximately60millionexcessdeaths).[55][56]AfterthecollapseoftheSovietUnion,Russia'spopulationdeclinedsignificantly–from150millionin1991to143millionin2012[57]–butby2013thisdeclineappearedtohavehalted.[58] Manycountriesinthedevelopingworldhaveexperiencedextremelyrapidpopulationgrowthsincetheearly20thcentury,duetoeconomicdevelopmentandimprovementsinpublichealth.China'spopulationrosefromapproximately430millionin1850to580millionin1953,[59]andnowstandsatover1.3billion.ThepopulationoftheIndiansubcontinent,whichwasabout125millionin1750,increasedto389millionin1941;[60]today,India,PakistanandBangladesharecollectivelyhometoabout1.63billionpeople.[61]Javahadabout5millioninhabitantsin1815;itspresent-daysuccessor,Indonesia,nowhasapopulationofover140million.[62]Injustonehundredyears,thepopulationofBrazildecupled(x10),fromabout17millionin1900,orabout1%oftheworldpopulationinthatyear,toabout176millionin2000,oralmost3%oftheglobalpopulationintheveryearly21stcentury.Mexico'spopulationgrewfrom13.6millionin1900toabout112millionin2010.[63][64]Betweenthe1920sand2000s,Kenya'spopulationgrewfrom2.9millionto37million.[65] Milestonesbythebillions Mainarticle:Worldpopulationmilestones Worldpopulationmilestonesinbillions(Worldometersestimates) Population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Year 1804 1927 1960 1974 1987 1999 2011 2023 2037 2056 Yearselapsed — 123 33 14 13 12 12 12 14 19 Itisestimatedthattheworldpopulationreachedonebillionforthefirsttimein1804.Itwasanother123yearsbeforeitreachedtwobillionin1927,butittookonly33yearstoreachthreebillionin1960.[66]Thereafter,theglobalpopulationreachedfourbillionin1974,fivebillionin1987,sixbillionin1999and,accordingtotheUnitedStatesCensusBureau,sevenbillioninMarch2012.[67]TheUnitedNations,however,estimatedthattheworldpopulationreachedsevenbillioninOctober2011.[68][69][70] Accordingtocurrentprojections,theglobalpopulationwillreacheightbillionby2024,andislikelytoreacharoundninebillionby2042.Alternativescenariosfor2050rangefromalowof7.4billiontoahighofmorethan10.6billion.[71]Projectedfiguresvarydependingonunderlyingstatisticalassumptionsandthevariablesusedinprojectioncalculations,especiallythefertilityvariable.Long-rangepredictionsto2150rangefromapopulationdeclineto3.2billioninthe"lowscenario",to"highscenarios"of24.8billion.[71]Oneextremescenariopredictedamassiveincreaseto256billionby2150,assumingtheglobalfertilityrateremainedatits1995levelof3.04childrenperwoman;however,by2010theglobalfertilityratehaddeclinedto2.52.[72][73] Thereisnoestimationfortheexactdayormonththeworld'spopulationsurpassedoneortwobillion.Thepointsatwhichitreachedthreeandfourbillionwerenotofficiallynoted,buttheInternationalDatabaseoftheUnitedStatesCensusBureauplacedtheminJuly1959andApril1974respectively.TheUnitedNationsdiddetermine,andcommemorate,the"Dayof5Billion"on11July1987,andthe"Dayof6Billion"on12October1999.ThePopulationDivisionoftheUnitedNationsdeclaredthe"Dayof7Billion"tobe31October2011.[74][needsupdate] Globaldemographics Mainarticle:Demographicsoftheworld   >80  77.5–80  75–77.5  72.5–75  70–72.5  67.5–70  65–67.5  60–65  55–60  50–552015mapshowingaveragelifeexpectancybycountryinyears.In2015,theWorldHealthOrganizationestimatedtheaveragegloballifeexpectancyas71.4years.[75] Asof2012,theglobalsexratioisapproximately1.01malesto1female.ThegreaternumberofmenispossiblyduetothesignificantseximbalancesevidentintheIndianandChinesepopulations.[76][77]Approximately26.3%oftheglobalpopulationisagedunder15,while65.9%isaged15–64and7.9%isaged65orover.[76]Themedianageoftheworld'spopulationwasestimatedtobe29.7yearsin2014,[78]andisexpectedtoriseto37.9yearsby2050.[79] AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,theglobalaveragelifeexpectancyis73.3yearsasof2020,withwomenlivinganaverageof75.9yearsandmenapproximately70.8years.[80]In2010,theglobalfertilityratewasestimatedat2.44childrenperwoman.[81]InJune2012,BritishresearcherscalculatedthetotalweightofEarth'shumanpopulationasapproximately287milliontonnes,withtheaveragepersonweighingaround62kilograms(137 lb).[82] TheIMFestimatednominal2021grossworldproductatUS$94.94trillion,givinganannualglobalpercapitafigureofaroundUS$12,290.[83]Around9.3%oftheworldpopulationliveinextremepoverty,subsistingonlessthanUS$1.9perday;[84]around8.9%areundernourished.[85]83%oftheworld'sover-15sareconsideredliterate.[76]InJune2014,therewerearound3.03billionglobalInternetusers,constituting42.3%oftheworldpopulation.[86] TheHanChinesearetheworld'slargestsingleethnicgroup,constitutingover19%oftheglobalpopulationin2011.[87]Theworld'smost-spokenlanguagesareEnglish(1,132M),MandarinChinese(1,117M),Hindi(615M),Spanish(534M)andFrench(280M).MorethanthreebillionpeoplespeakanIndo-Europeanlanguage,whichisthelargestlanguagefamilybynumberofspeakers.StandardArabicisalanguagewithnonativespeakers,butthetotalnumberofspeakersisestimatedat274millionpeople.[88] The2020religiouscompositionoftheworldisestimatedtobeasfollows:Christianity(31.1%),Islam(24.9%),Unaffliated(andHinduismthethird,accountingfor15.2%.[89] Largestpopulationsbycountry Furtherinformation:Listofcountriesanddependenciesbypopulation Amapofworldpopulationin2019 10mostpopulouscountries Rank Country Population %ofworld Date Source(officialorUN) 1  China 1,411,134,200 17.8% 20Dec2021 Nationalpopulationclock[90] 2  India 1,385,779,401 17.5% 20Dec2021 Nationalpopulationclock[91] 3  UnitedStates 332,909,497 4.20% 20Dec2021 Nationalpopulationclock[92] 4  Indonesia 269,603,400 3.41% 1Jul2020 Nationalannualprojection[93] 5  Pakistan 220,892,331 2.79% 1Jul2020 UNProjection[94] 6  Brazil 214,103,664 2.70% 20Dec2021 Nationalpopulationclock[95] 7  Nigeria 206,139,587 2.60% 1Jul2020 UNProjection[94] 8  Bangladesh 171,899,422 2.17% 20Dec2021 Nationalpopulationclock[96] 9  Russia 146,748,590 1.85% 1Jan2020 Nationalannualestimate[97] 10  Mexico 127,792,286 1.61% 1Jul2020 Nationalannualprojection[98] Approximately4.45billionpeopleliveinthesetencountries,representingaround57%oftheworld'spopulationasofSeptember2020. Mostdenselypopulatedcountries Furtherinformation:Listofcountriesanddependenciesbypopulationdensity Thetablesbelowlisttheworld'smostdenselypopulatedcountries,bothinabsolutetermsandincomparisontotheirtotalpopulations. Populationdensity(peopleperkm2)mapoftheworldin1994.Purpleandpinkareasdenoteregionsofhighestpopulationdensity. 10mostdenselypopulatedcountries(withpopulationabove5million) Rank Country Population Area(km2) Density(pop/km2) 1  Singapore 5,704,000 710 8,033 2  Bangladesh 171,900,000 143,998 1,194 3  Palestine 5,266,785 6,020 847 4  Lebanon 6,856,000 10,452 656 5  Taiwan 23,604,000 36,193 652 6  SouthKorea 51,781,000 99,538 520 7  Rwanda 12,374,000 26,338 470 8  Haiti 11,578,000 27,065 428 9  Netherlands 17,670,000 41,526 426 10  Israel 9,450,000 22,072 428 Countriesrankinghighlyinbothtotalpopulation(morethan20millionpeople)andpopulationdensity(morethan250peoplepersquarekilometer): Rank Country Population Area(km2) Density(pop/km2) Populationtrend 1  India 1,385,780,000 3,287,240 422 Growing 2  Pakistan 226,050,000 803,940 281 Rapidlygrowing 3  Bangladesh 171,900,000 143,998 1,194 Rapidlygrowing 4  Japan 126,010,000 377,873 333 Declining[99] 5  Philippines 111,250,000 300,000 371 Growing 6  Vietnam 96,209,000 331,689 290 Growing 7  UnitedKingdom 66,436,000 243,610 273 Growing 8  SouthKorea 51,781,000 99,538 520 Steady 9  Taiwan 23,604,000 36,193 652 Steady 10  SriLanka 21,803,000 65,610 332 Growing Fluctuation Mainarticles:Populationgrowth,Projectionsofpopulationgrowth,andPopulationdynamics Estimatesofpopulationevolutionindifferentcontinentsbetween1950and2050,accordingtotheUnitedNations.Theverticalaxisislogarithmicandisinmillionsofpeople. Populationsizefluctuatesatdifferingratesindifferingregions.Nonetheless,populationgrowthisthelong-standingtrendonallinhabitedcontinents,aswellasinmostindividualstates.Duringthe20thcentury,theglobalpopulationsawitsgreatestincreaseinknownhistory,risingfromabout1.6billionin1900toover6billionin2000.Anumberoffactorscontributedtothisincrease,includingthelesseningofthemortalityrateinmanycountriesbyimprovedsanitationandmedicaladvances,andamassiveincreaseinagriculturalproductivityattributedtotheGreenRevolution.[100][101][102] In2000,theUnitedNationsestimatedthattheworld'spopulationwasgrowingatanannualrateof1.1%(equivalenttoaround75millionpeople),[103]downfromapeakof88millionperyearin1989.By2000,therewereapproximatelytentimesasmanypeopleonEarthastherehadbeenin1700.Globally,thepopulationgrowthratehasbeensteadilydecliningfromitspeakof2.2%in1963,butgrowthremainshighinLatinAmerica,theMiddleEast,andSub-SaharanAfrica.[104] Mapofcountriesbyfertilityrate(2020),accordingtothePopulationReferenceBureau Duringthe2010s,JapanandsomecountriesinEuropebegantoencounternegativepopulationgrowth(i.e.anetdecreaseinpopulationovertime),duetosub-replacementfertilityrates.[99] In2006,theUnitedNationsstatedthattherateofpopulationgrowthwasvisiblydiminishingduetotheongoingglobaldemographictransition.Ifthistrendcontinues,therateofgrowthmaydiminishtozeroby2050,concurrentwithaworldpopulationplateauof9.2billion.[105]However,thisisonlyoneofmanyestimatespublishedbytheUN;in2009,UNpopulationprojectionsfor2050rangedbetweenaround8billionand10.5billion.[106]AnalternativescenarioisgivenbythestatisticianJorgenRanders,whoarguesthattraditionalprojectionsinsufficientlytakeintoaccountthedownwardimpactofglobalurbanizationonfertility.Randers'"mostlikelyscenario"revealsapeakintheworldpopulationintheearly2040satabout8.1billionpeople,followedbydecline.[107]AdrianRaftery,aUniversityofWashingtonprofessorofstatisticsandofsociology,statesthat"there’sa70percentprobabilitytheworldpopulationwillnotstabilizethiscentury.Population,whichhadsortoffallenofftheworld’sagenda,remainsaveryimportantissue."[108] Estimatedworldpopulationfigures,10,000 BC–AD2000 Estimatedworldpopulationfigures,10,000 BC–AD2000(inlogyscale) Worldpopulationfigures,1950–2017 Annualpopulationgrowth Globalannualpopulationgrowth[109] Year Population Yearlygrowth Density(pop/km2) Urbanpopulation % Number Number % 1951 2,584,034,261 1.88% 47,603,112 17 775,067,697 30% 1952 2,630,861,562 1.81% 46,827,301 18 799,282,533 30% 1953 2,677,608,960 1.78% 46,747,398 18 824,289,989 31% 1954 2,724,846,741 1.76% 47,237,781 18 850,179,106 31% 1955 2,773,019,936 1.77% 48,173,195 19 877,008,842 32% 1956 2,822,443,282 1.78% 49,423,346 19 904,685,164 32% 1957 2,873,306,090 1.80% 50,862,808 19 933,113,168 32% 1958 2,925,686,705 1.82% 52,380,615 20 962,537,113 33% 1959 2,979,576,185 1.84% 53,889,480 20 992,820,546 33% 1960 3,034,949,748 1.86% 55,373,563 20 1,023,845,517 34% 1961 3,091,843,507 1.87% 56,893,759 21 1,055,435,648 34% 1962 3,150,420,795 1.89% 58,577,288 21 1,088,376,703 35% 1963 3,211,001,009 1.92% 60,580,214 22 1,122,561,940 35% 1964 3,273,978,338 1.96% 62,977,329 22 1,157,813,355 35% 1965 3,339,583,597 2.00% 65,605,259 22 1,188,469,224 36% 1966 3,407,922,630 2.05% 68,339,033 23 1,219,993,032 36% 1967 3,478,769,962 2.08% 70,847,332 23 1,252,566,565 36% 1968 3,551,599,127 2.09% 72,829,165 24 1,285,933,432 36% 1969 3,625,680,627 2.09% 74,081,500 24 1,319,833,474 36% 1970 3,700,437,046 2.06% 74,756,419 25 1,354,215,496 37% 1971 3,775,759,617 2.04% 75,322,571 25 1,388,834,099 37% 1972 3,851,650,245 2.01% 75,890,628 26 1,424,734,781 37% 1973 3,927,780,238 1.98% 76,129,993 26 1,462,178,370 37% 1974 4,003,794,172 1.94% 76,013,934 27 1,501,134,655 37% 1975 4,079,480,606 1.89% 75,686,434 27 1,538,624,994 38% 1976 4,154,666,864 1.84% 75,186,258 28 1,577,376,141 38% 1977 4,229,506,060 1.80% 74,839,196 28 1,616,419,308 38% 1978 4,304,533,501 1.77% 75,027,441 29 1,659,306,117 39% 1979 4,380,506,100 1.76% 75,972,599 29 1,706,021,638 39% 1980 4,458,003,514 1.77% 77,497,414 30 1,754,201,029 39% 1981 4,536,996,762 1.77% 78,993,248 30 1,804,215,203 40% 1982 4,617,386,542 1.77% 80,389,780 31 1,854,134,229 40% 1983 4,699,569,304 1.78% 82,182,762 32 1,903,822,436 41% 1984 4,784,011,621 1.80% 84,442,317 32 1,955,106,433 41% 1985 4,870,921,740 1.82% 86,910,119 33 2,007,939,063 41% 1986 4,960,567,912 1.84% 89,646,172 33 2,062,604,394 42% 1987 5,052,522,147 1.85% 91,954,235 34 2,118,882,551 42% 1988 5,145,426,008 1.84% 92,903,861 35 2,176,126,537 42% 1989 5,237,441,558 1.79% 92,015,550 35 2,233,140,502 43% 1990 5,327,231,061 1.71% 89,789,503 36 2,290,228,096 43% 1991 5,414,289,444 1.63% 87,058,383 36 2,347,462,336 43% 1992 5,498,919,809 1.56% 84,630,365 37 2,404,337,297 44% 1993 5,581,597,546 1.50% 82,677,737 37 2,461,223,528 44% 1994 5,663,150,427 1.46% 81,552,881 38 2,518,254,111 44% 1995 5,744,212,979 1.43% 81,062,552 39 2,575,505,235 45% 1996 5,824,891,951 1.40% 80,678,972 39 2,632,941,583 45% 1997 5,905,045,788 1.38% 80,153,837 40 2,690,813,541 46% 1998 5,984,793,942 1.35% 79,748,154 40 2,749,213,598 46% 1999 6,064,239,055 1.33% 79,445,113 41 2,808,231,655 46% 2000 6,143,494,000 1.31% 79,255,000 41 2,868,308,000 46% 2001 6,222,627,000 1.29% 79,133,000 42 2,933,079,000 47% 2002 6,301,773,000 1.27% 79,147,000 42 3,001,808,000 47% 2003 6,381,185,000 1.26% 79,412,000 43 3,071,744,000 48% 2004 6,461,159,000 1.25% 79,974,000 43 3,143,045,000 48% 2005 6,541,907,000 1.25% 80,748,000 44 3,215,906,000 49% 2006 6,623,518,000 1.25% 81,611,000 44 3,289,446,000 50% 2007 6,705,947,000 1.24% 82,429,000 45 3,363,610,000 50% 2008 6,789,089,000 1.24% 83,142,000 46 3,439,719,000 50% 2009 6,872,767,000 1.23% 83,678,000 47 3,516,830,000 51% 2010 6,956,824,000 1.22% 84,057,000 47 3,594,868,000 51% 2011 7,041,194,000 1.21% 84,371,000 47 3,671,424,000 52% 2012 7,125,828,000 1.20% 84,634,000 48 3,747,843,000 52% 2013 7,210,582,000 1.19% 84,754,000 48 3,824,990,000 53% 2014 7,295,291,000 1.17% 84,709,000 49 3,902,832,000 53% 2015 7,379,797,000 1.16% 84,506,000 50 3,981,498,000 54% 2016 7,464,022,000 1.14% 84,225,000 50 4,060,653,000 54% 2017 7,547,859,000 1.12% 83,837,000 51 4,140,189,000 55% 2018 7,631,091,000 1.10% 83,232,000 51 4,219,817,000 55% 2019 7,713,468,000 1.08% 82,377,000 52 4,299,439,000 56% 2020 7,795,000,000 1.05% 81,331,000 52 4,378,900,000 56% Populationgrowthbyregion Mainarticle:Populationgrowth Furtherinformation:TotalfertilityrateandBirthrate Thetablebelowshowshistoricalandpredictedregionalpopulationfiguresinmillions.[110][111][112]Theavailabilityofhistoricalpopulationfiguresvariesbyregion. Worldhistoricalandpredictedpopulations(inmillions)[113][114][115] Region 1500 1600 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 1999 2008 2010 2012 2050 2150 World 585 660 710 791 978 1,262 1,650 2,521 6,008 6,707 6,896 7,052 9,725 9,746 Africa 86 114 106 106 107 111 133 221 783 973 1,022 1,052 2,478 2,308 Asia 282 350 411 502 635 809 947 1,402 3,700 4,054 4,164 4,250 5,267 5,561 Europe 168 170 178 190 203 276 408 547 675 732 738 740 734 517 LatinAmerica[Note1] 40 20 10 16 24 38 74 167 508 577 590 603 784 912 NorthernAmerica[Note1] 6 3 2 2 7 26 82 172 312 337 345 351 433 398 Oceania 3 3 3 2 2 2 6 13 30 34 37 38 57 51 Worldhistoricalandpredictedpopulationsbypercentagedistribution[113][114] Region 1500 1600 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 1999 2008 2010 2012 2050 2150 Africa 14.7 17.3 14.9 13.4 10.9 8.8 8.1 8.8 13.0 14.5 14.8 15.2 25.5 23.7 Asia 48.2 53.0 57.9 63.5 64.9 64.1 57.4 55.6 61.6 60.4 60.4 60.3 54.2 57.1 Europe 28.7 25.8 25.1 20.6 20.8 21.9 24.7 21.7 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.5 7.6 5.3 LatinAmerica[Note1] 6.8 3.0 1.4 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.5 6.6 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.1 9.4 NorthernAmerica[Note1] 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 2.1 5.0 6.8 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.1 Oceania 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 Pastpopulation Mainarticle:Estimatesofhistoricalworldpopulation Thefollowingtablegivesestimates,inmillions,ofpopulationinthepast.Thedatafor1750to1900arefromtheUNreport"TheWorldatSixBillion"[116]whereasthedatafrom1950to2015arefromaUNdatasheet.[15] Year World Africa Asia Europe LatinAmerica&Carib.[Note1] NorthAmerica[Note1] Oceania Notes 70,000BC <0.015 0 0 [117] 10,000BC 4 [118] 8000BC 5 6500BC 5 5000BC 5 4000BC 7 3000BC 14 2000BC 27 1000BC 50 7 33 9 [citationneeded] 500BC 100 14 66 16 AD1 200 23 141 28 1000 400 70 269 50 8 1 2 1500 458 86 243 84 39 3 3 1600 580 114 339 111 10 3 3 1700 682 106 436 125 10 2 3 1750 791 106 502 163 16 2 2 1800 1,000 107 656 203 24 7 3 1850 1,262 111 809 276 38 26 2 1900 1,650 133 947 408 74 82 6 1950 2,525 229 1,394 549 169 172 12.7 [119] 1955 2,758 254 1,534 577 193 187 14.2 1960 3,018 285 1,687 606 221 204 15.8 1965 3,322 322 1,875 635 254 219 17.5 1970 3,682 366 2,120 657 288 231 19.7 1975 4,061 416 2,378 677 326 242 21.5 1980 4,440 478 2,626 694 365 254 23.0 1985 4,853 550 2,897 708 406 267 24.9 1990 5,310 632 3,202 721 447 281 27.0 1995 5,735 720 3,475 728 487 296 29.1 2000 6,127 814 3,714 726 527 314 31.1 2005 6,520 920 3,945 729 564 329 33.4 2010 6,930 1,044 4,170 735 600 344 36.4 2015 7,349 1,186 4,393 738 634 358 39.3 Usingtheabovefigures,thechangeinpopulationfrom2010to2015was: World:+420million Africa:+142million Asia:+223million Europe:+3million LatinAmericaandCaribbean:+35million NorthernAmerica:+14million Oceania:+2.9million ^abcdefNorthAmericaisheredefinedtoincludethenorthernmostcountriesandterritoriesofNorthAmerica:Canada,theUnitedStates,Greenland,Bermuda,andSt.PierreandMiquelon.LatinAmerica&Carib.comprisesMexico,CentralAmerica,theCaribbean,andSouthAmerica. Projections Mainarticle:Projectionsofpopulationgrowth Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(April2020)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Long-termglobalpopulationgrowthisdifficulttopredict.TheUnitedNationsandtheUSCensusBureaubothgivedifferentestimates–accordingtotheUN,theworldpopulationreachedsevenbillioninlate2011,[110]whiletheUSCBassertedthatthisoccurredinMarch2012.[120]TheUNhasissuedmultipleprojectionsoffutureworldpopulation,basedondifferentassumptions.From2000to2005,theUNconsistentlyrevisedtheseprojectionsdownward,untilthe2006revision,issuedon14March2007,revisedthe2050mid-rangeestimateupwardsby273million. Averageglobalbirthratesaredecliningfast,butvarygreatlybetweendevelopedcountries(wherebirthratesareoftenatorbelowreplacementlevels)anddevelopingcountries(wherebirthratestypicallyremainhigh).Differentethnicitiesalsodisplayvaryingbirthrates.Deathratescanchangerapidlyduetodiseaseepidemics,warsandothermasscatastrophes,oradvancesinmedicine. 2012UnitedNationsprojectionsshowacontinuedincreaseinpopulationinthenearfuturewithasteadydeclineinpopulationgrowthrate;theglobalpopulationisexpectedtoreachbetween8.3 and10.9 billionby2050.[121][122]2003UNPopulationDivisionpopulationprojectionsfortheyear2150rangebetween3.2and24.8billion.[72]Oneofmanyindependentmathematicalmodelssupportsthelowerestimate,[123]whilea2014estimateforecastsbetween9.3and12.6billionin2100,andcontinuedgrowththereafter.[124][125]The2019RevisionoftheUNestimatesgivesthe"mediumvariant"populationas;nearly8.6billionin2030,about9.7billionin2050andabout10.9billionin2100.[126]InDecember2019,theGermanFoundationforWorldPopulationprojectedthattheglobalpopulationwillreach8billionby2023asitincreasesby156everyminute.[127]InamodelledfutureprojectionbytheInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationtheglobalpopulationwasprojectedtopeakin2064at9.73billionpeopleanddeclineto8.79billionin2100.[128]Someanalystshavequestionedthesustainabilityoffurtherworldpopulationgrowth,highlightingthegrowingpressuresontheenvironment,[129]globalfoodsupplies,andenergyresources.[130][131][132] UN(mediumvariant–2019revision)andUSCensusBureau(June2015)estimates[133][134] Year UNest.(millions) Difference USCBest.(millions) Difference 2005 6,542 – 6,473 – 2010 6,957 415 6,866 393 2015 7,380 423 7,256 390 2020 7,795 415 7,643 380 2025 8,184 390 8,007 363 2030 8,549 364 8,341 334 2035 8,888 339 8,646 306 2040 9,199 311 8,926 280 2045 9,482 283 9,180 254 2050 9,735 253 9,408 228 UN2019estimatesandmediumvariantprojections(inmillions)[133] Year World Asia Africa Europe LatinAmerica/Caribbean NorthernAmerica Oceania 2000 6,144 3,741(60.9%) 811(13.2%) 726(11.8%) 522(8.5%) 312(5.1%) 31(0.5%) 2005 6,542 3,978(60.8%) 916(14.0%) 729(11.2%) 558(8.5%) 327(5.0%) 34(0.5%) 2010 6,957 4,210(60.5%) 1,039(14.9%) 736(10.6%) 591(8.5%) 343(4.9%) 37(0.5%) 2015 7,380 4,434(60.1%) 1,182(16.0%) 743(10.1%) 624(8.5%) 357(4.8%) 40(0.5%) 2020 7,795 4,641(59.5%) 1,341(17.2%) 748(9.6%) 654(8.4%) 369(4.7%) 43(0.6%) 2025 8,184 4,823(58.9%) 1,509(18.4%) 746(9.1%) 682(8.3%) 380(4.6%) 45(0.6%) 2030 8,549 4,974(58.2%) 1,688(19.8%) 741(8.7%) 706(8.3%) 391(4.6%) 48(0.6%) 2035 8,888 5,096(57.3%) 1,878(21.1%) 735(8.3%) 726(8.2%) 401(4.5%) 50(0.6%) 2040 9,199 5,189(56.4%) 2,077(22.6%) 728(7.9%) 742(8.1%) 410(4.5%) 53(0.6%) 2045 9,482 5,253(55.4%) 2,282(24.1%) 720(7.6%) 754(8.0%) 418(4.4%) 55(0.6%) 2050 9,735 5,290(54.3%) 2,489(25.6%) 711(7.3%) 762(7.8%) 425(4.4%) 57(0.6%) 2055 9,958 5,302(53.2%) 2,698(27.1%) 700(7.0%) 767(7.7%) 432(4.3%) 60(0.6%) 2060 10,152 5,289(52.1%) 2,905(28.6%) 689(6.8%) 768(7.6%) 439(4.3%) 62(0.6%) 2065 10,318 5,256(51.0%) 3,109(30.1%) 677(6.6%) 765(7.4%) 447(4.3%) 64(0.6%) 2070 10,459 5,207(49.8%) 3,308(31.6%) 667(6.4%) 759(7.3%) 454(4.3%) 66(0.6%) 2075 10,577 5,143(48.6%) 3,499(33.1%) 657(6.2%) 750(7.1%) 461(4.4%) 67(0.6%) 2080 10,674 5,068(47.5%) 3,681(34.5%) 650(6.1%) 739(6.9%) 468(4.4%) 69(0.7%) 2085 10,750 4,987(46.4%) 3,851(35.8%) 643(6.0%) 726(6.8%) 474(4.4%) 71(0.7%) 2090 10,810 4,901(45.3%) 4,008(37.1%) 638(5.9%) 711(6.6%) 479(4.4%) 72(0.7%) 2095 10,852 4,812(44.3%) 4,152(38.3%) 634(5.8%) 696(6.4%) 485(4.5%) 74(0.7%) 2100 10,875 4,719(43.4%) 4,280(39.4%) 630(5.8%) 680(6.3%) 491(4.5%) 75(0.7%) Mathematicalapproximations In1975,SebastianvonHoernerproposedaformulaforpopulationgrowthwhichrepresentedhyperbolicgrowthwithaninfinitepopulationin2025.[135]Thehyperbolicgrowthoftheworldpopulationobserveduntilthe1970swaslatercorrelatedtoanon-linearsecond-orderpositivefeedbackbetweendemographicgrowthandtechnologicaldevelopment.Thisfeedbackcanbedescribedasfollows:technologicaladvance→increaseinthecarryingcapacityoflandforpeople→demographicgrowth→morepeople→morepotentialinventors→accelerationoftechnologicaladvance→acceleratinggrowthofthecarryingcapacity→fasterpopulationgrowth→acceleratinggrowthofthenumberofpotentialinventors→fastertechnologicaladvance→hence,thefastergrowthoftheEarth'scarryingcapacityforpeople,andsoon.[136]Thetransitionfromhyperbolicgrowthtoslowerratesofgrowthisrelatedtothedemographictransition. AccordingtotheRussiandemographerSergeyKapitsa,[137]theworldpopulationgrewbetween67,000 BCand1965accordingtothefollowingformula: N = C τ arccot ⁡ T 0 − T τ , {\displaystyleN={\frac{C}{\tau}}\operatorname{arccot}{\frac{T_{0}-T}{\tau}},} where Niscurrentpopulation, Tisthecurrentyear, C=(1.86±0.01)·1011, T0=2007±1, τ {\displaystyle\tau} =42±1. Yearsforworldpopulationtodouble AccordingtolinearinterpolationandextrapolationofUNDESApopulationestimates,theworldpopulationhasdoubled,orwilldouble,intheyearslistedinthetablesbelow(withtwodifferentstartingpoints).Duringthe2ndmillennium,eachdoublingtookroughlyhalfaslongasthepreviousdoubling,fittingthehyperbolicgrowthmodelmentionedabove.However,after2024,itisunlikelythattherewillbeanotherdoublingoftheglobalpopulationinthe21stcentury.[138] Historicchartshowingtheperiodsoftimetheworldpopulationhastakentodouble,from1700to2000 Startingat500million Population(inbillions) 0.5 1 2 4 8 Year 1500 1804 1927 1974 2024 Yearselapsed 304 123 47 50 Startingat375million Population(inbillions) 0.375 0.75 1.5 3 6 Year 1171 1715 1881 1960 1999 Yearselapsed 544 166 79 39 Numberofhumanswhohaveeverlived Furtherinformation:Prehistoricdemography Estimatesofthetotalnumberofhumanswhohaveeverlivedrangeisestimatedtobeoftheorderof100 billion.Suchestimatescanonlyberoughapproximations,asevenmodernpopulationestimatesaresubjecttouncertaintyofaround3%to5%.[21]Kapitsa(1996)citesestimatesrangingbetween80and150 billion.[139]ThePRBputsthefigureat117 billionasof2020,estimatingthatthecurrentworldpopulationis6.7%oftheallthehumanswhohaveeverlived.[140]Haub(1995)preparedanotherfigure,updatedin2002and2011;the2011figurewasapproximately107billion.[141][142][143]Haubcharacterizedthisfigureasanestimatethatrequired"selectingpopulationsizesfordifferentpointsfromantiquitytothepresentandapplyingassumedbirthratestoeachperiod".[142] Robustpopulationdataonlyexistforthelasttwoorthreecenturies.Untilthelate18thcentury,fewgovernmentshadeverperformedanaccuratecensus.Inmanyearlyattempts,suchasinAncientEgyptandthePersianEmpire,thefocuswasoncountingmerelyasubsetofthepopulationforpurposesoftaxationormilitaryservice.[144]Thus,thereisasignificantmarginoferrorwhenestimatingancientglobalpopulations. Pre-moderninfantmortalityratesareanothercriticalfactorforsuchanestimate;theseratesareverydifficulttoestimateforancienttimesduetoalackofaccuraterecords.Haub(1995)estimatesthataround40%ofthosewhohaveeverliveddidnotsurvivebeyondtheirfirstbirthday.Haubalsostatedthat"lifeexpectancyatbirthprobablyaveragedonlyabouttenyearsformostofhumanhistory",[142]whichisnottobemistakenforthelifeexpectancyafterreachingadulthood.Thelatterequallydependedonperiod,locationandsocialstanding,butcalculationsidentifyaveragesfromroughly30 yearsupward. Seealso  Worldportal Demographicsoftheworld Anthropocene Birthcontrol Coastalpopulationgrowth Demographictransition Populationdecline Doomsdayargument Familyplanning Foodsecurity Humanoverpopulation Megacity Natalism One-childpolicy Populationgrowth Populationdynamics Two-childpolicy Lists: Listofcountriesanddependenciesbypopulation Listoflargestcities Listofpopulationconcernorganizations Listofsovereignstatesanddependenciesbytotalfertilityrate Listofcountriesbypastandprojectedfuturepopulation Listofcountriesbypopulationin1900 Listofcountriesanddependenciesbypopulationdensity Listofcountriesbypopulationgrowthrate Listsoforganismsbypopulation–fornon-humanglobalpopulations Listofreligiouspopulations Historical: Historicalcensuses Historicaldemography Explanatorynotes ^ExcludingitsSpecialAdministrativeRegions(SARs)ofHongKongandMacau. ^ExcludingCentralAmericaandtheCaribbean. ^TheAntarcticTreatySystemlimitsthenatureofnationalclaimsinAntarctica.OftheterritorialclaimsinAntarctica,theRossDependencyhasthelargestpopulation. References ^"WorldPopulationProspects-PopulationDivision-UnitedNations".population.un.org.Retrieved1November2021. ^"Worldpopulation".worldometers.10November2021.Retrieved10November2021.|first=missing|last=(help) ^"WorldPopulationtoHitMilestoneWithBirthof7BillionthPerson".PBSNewsHour.27October2011.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24September2017.Retrieved11February2018. ^"Worldpopulationhits6billion".NBCNews.4March2004.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22February2018.Retrieved11February2018. ^Jean-NoëlBiraben(1980),"AnEssayConcerningMankind'sEvolution".Population,SelectedPapers.Vol.4.pp.1–13.OriginalpaperinFrench:(b)Jean-NoëlBiraben(1979)."Essaisurl'évolutiondunombredeshommes".Population.Vol.34(no.1).pp.13–25. ^ab"WorldPopulationProspects".esa.un.org.PopulationDivision–UnitedNations.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19September2016.Retrieved15September2016. ^Ortiz-Ospina,Esteban;Roser,Max(9May2013)."WorldPopulationGrowth".OurWorldinData.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13October2016.Retrieved13October2016. ^"WorldPopulationProspects".UN.org.2019.Archivedfromtheoriginalon11December2020.Retrieved19January2021. ^Cave,Damien;Bubola,Emma;Sang-Hun,Choe(22May2021)."LongSlideLoomsforWorldPopulation,WithSweepingRamifications".TheNewYorkTimes.ISSN 0362-4331.Retrieved23May2021. ^"WorldpopulationestimatesandUNprojection".OurWorldinData.Retrieved1November2021. ^"WorldPopulationProspects,2012revision(697millionbirthsfrom1985–1990)".UnitedNations.2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon27August2014.Retrieved11May2015. ^"Annualnumberofbirths–World".UnitedNationsPopulationDivision.2011.Archivedfromtheoriginalon3April2015.Retrieved27March2015. ^"WorldPopulationestimatesbytheUSCensusBureau".USCB.Archivedfromtheoriginalon11January2012.Retrieved22May2012. ^"World",TheWorldFactbook,CentralIntelligenceAgency,19October2021,retrieved1November2021 ^ab"WorldPopulationProspects:The2015Revision".UNPopulationDivision.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22December2015.Retrieved19January2016..LinkedtoatDownloadFiles,whereitstatesthatthefiguresarefor1Julyofthegivenyear. ^"Regionsintheworldbypopulation(2020)".Retrieved5October2020. ^ab"Antarctica".CIAWorldFactbook.19June2014.Retrieved18March2015. ^thecompound"worldpopulation"becomescommonfromc.the1930s,adaptedfromearly20th-century"world'spopulation";pre-20thcenturyauthorsuse"populationoftheworld". ^"Thepopulationoftheworld,whichSirW.P.in1682,statedatonly320millions,hasbeenestimatedbysomewritersatabout730millions,byothers,atupwardsof900millions;Mr.Wallace,ofEdinburgh,conjectureditmightamountto1billion,andthisnumberhassincegenerallybeenadoptedwhohavenoticedthesubject;"TheMonthlyMagazine4(July–December1797),p.167. ^600million:SimonGray,TheHappinessofStates(1818),p.356Archived6June2019attheWaybackMachine. 800million:GordonHall,SamuelNewell,TheConversionoftheWorld(1818),p.10Archived6June2019attheWaybackMachine. 800to1000million:JohnRedmanCoxe,ConsiderationsRespectingtheRecognitionofFriendsinAnotherWorld(1845),p.21(footnotewithreferences). ^ab"[E]venrecentdemographicdataisaccurateonlyfrom3to5%,althoughindemographytraditionallymoredigitsareindicatedthanthosehavingameaning.Thisispartiallyduetotheethicaldifficultyinroundingoffnumbersthatsupposedlyrepresentrealpeople,officiallycountedduringacensus".SergeiP. Kapitza,"Thephenomenologicaltheoryofworldpopulationgrowth",Physics-Uspekhi39(1)57–71(1996). ^Luc-NormandTellier(2009).Urbanworldhistory:aneconomicandgeographicalperspective.p. 26.ISBN 978-2-7605-1588-8. ^RalphThomlinson,1975,DemographicProblems:Controversyoverpopulationcontrol,2ndEd.,DickensonPublishingCompany,Ecino,CA,ISBN 0-8221-0166-1. ^Dr.KennethW.Harl(1998)."PopulationestimatesoftheRomanEmpire".Tulane.edu.Archivedfromtheoriginalon7May2016.Retrieved8December2012. ^"Plague,PlagueInformation,BlackDeathFacts,News,Photos".NationalGeographic.Archivedfromtheoriginalon26June2013.Retrieved3November2008. ^"HistoryofEurope–Demographicandagriculturalgrowth".EncyclopædiaBritannica.2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon20December2012.Retrieved17December2012. ^"HistoricalEstimatesofWorldPopulation".Census.gov.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9July2012.Retrieved12November2016. ^Jay,Peter(17July2000)."ADistantMirror".TIMEEurope.156(3).Archivedfromtheoriginalon25July2008.Retrieved9August2014. ^HorstR.Thieme(2003).Mathematicsinpopulationbiology.p. 285.ISBN 978-0-691-09291-1. ^GraziellaCaselli;GillaumeWunsch&JacquesVallin(2005).Demography:AnalysisandSynthesis,FourVolumeSet:ATreatiseinPopulation.p. 34.ISBN 978-0-12-765660-1. ^abNishijima,Sadao(1986),"TheeconomicandsocialhistoryofFormerHan",inTwitchett,Denis;Loewe,Michael,CambridgeHistoryofChina:VolumeI:theCh'inandHanEmpires,221B.C.–A.D.220,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,pp595-96. ^"QingChina'sInternalCrisis:LandShortage,Famine,RuralPoverty".ColumbiaUniversity:AsiaforEducators.2009.Archivedfromtheoriginalon8July2011.Retrieved9July2013. ^"HistoryofEurope–Demographics".EncyclopædiaBritannica.Archivedfromtheoriginalon23July2013.Retrieved9July2013. ^"China'sPopulation:ReadingsandMaps".ColumbiaUniversity:EastAsianCurriculumProject.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19July2011.Retrieved18December2012. ^"TheColumbianExchange".UniversityofNorthCarolina.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly26,2011.RetrievedDecember18,2012. ^Collingham,Lizzie(2006).Vindaloo:thePortugueseandthechillipepper.Curry:ATaleofCooksandConquerors.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.pp. 47–73.ISBN 978-0-19-988381-3. ^"Super-SizedCassavaPlantsMayHelpFightHungerinAfrica".OhioStateUniversity.May24,2006.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember8,2013.RetrievedJuly9,2013. ^JamesBrabazon(2000).AlbertSchweitzer:abiography.SyracuseUniversityPress.p. 242.ISBN 978-0-8156-0675-8. ^"U.S.News&WorldReport:HowmanypeoplewereherebeforeColumbus?Pickanumber".18August1997.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5March2008.Retrieved9August2019. ^Snow,D.R(16June1995)."MicrochronologyandDemographicEvidenceRelatingtotheSizeofPre-ColumbianNorthAmericanIndianPopulations".Science.268(5217):1601–1604.Bibcode:1995Sci...268.1601S.doi:10.1126/science.268.5217.1601.PMID 17754613.S2CID 8512954. ^ArthurC.Aufderheide;ConradoRodríguez-Martín&OdinLangsjoen(1998).TheCambridgeencyclopediaofhumanpaleopathology.CambridgeUniversityPress.p. 205.ISBN 978-0-521-55203-5. ^"TheStoryOf...Smallpox–andotherDeadlyEurasianGerms".PublicBroadcastingService.2005.Archivedfromtheoriginalon29January2018.Retrieved24April2013. ^AustinAlchon,Suzanne(2003).Apestintheland:newworldepidemicsinaglobalperspective.UniversityofNewMexicoPress.p. 31.ISBN 978-0-8263-2871-7.Archivedfromtheoriginalon18May2016.Retrieved15November2015. ^"WorldDemographicsProfile2012".IndexMundi.Archivedfromtheoriginalon7June2012.Retrieved22May2012. ^"By2050,70%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeurban.Isthatagoodthing?".FastCo.Design.2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon12May2012.Retrieved1May2012. ^Populationcrisesandcyclesinhistory–AreviewbyClaireRussellandW.M.S.Russell,Vicnet.net.au,archivedfromtheoriginalonApril5,2011,retrievedMarch26,2015 ^Buer,MabelC.(1926).Health,WealthandPopulationintheEarlyDaysoftheIndustrialRevolution.London:GeorgeRoutledge&Sons.p. 30.ISBN 978-0-415-38218-2. ^"TheFoundlingHospital".BBCHistory.5October2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon17June2013.Retrieved22April2013. ^"Modernization–PopulationChange".EncyclopædiaBritannica.Archivedfromtheoriginalon6April2009.Retrieved6February2013. ^GraziellaCaselli;GillaumeWunsch&JacquesVallin(2005).Demography:AnalysisandSynthesis,FourVolumeSet:ATreatiseinPopulation.p. 42.ISBN 978-0-12-765660-1. ^"VictorianMedicine–FromFluketoTheory".BBCHistory.1February2002.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5March2013.Retrieved17February2013. ^"AportraitofBritainin2031".TheIndependent.24October2007.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9December2017.Retrieved17February2013. ^"UKpopulationbreaksthrough60m".BBCNews.24August2006.Archivedfromtheoriginalon8February2009.Retrieved14April2012. ^"USpopulationthroughhistory".About.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13January2012.Retrieved14April2012. ^JayWinter,EmmanuelSivan(2000).WarandRemembranceintheTwentiethCentury.CambridgeUniversityPress.p. 64.ISBN 978-0521794367.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4September2015.Retrieved20July2015. ^MarkHarrison(2002).AccountingforWar:SovietProduction,Employment,andtheDefenceBurden,1940–1945.p. 167.ISBN 978-0-521-89424-1. ^"VladimirPutinvowstoreverseRussianpopulationdecline".TheDailyTelegraph.13February2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24April2012.Retrieved13April2012. ^"Russia'sPopulationDeclineSaidToHave'Stopped'".RadioFreeEurope.27May2013.Retrieved15June2013. ^Schran,Peter(1978)."China'sdemographicevolution1850–1953reconsidered".TheChinaQuarterly.75(75):639–646.doi:10.1017/S0305741000042594.JSTOR 652987. ^"ReintegratingIndiawiththeWorldEconomy"(PDF).PetersonInstituteforInternationalEconomics.2003.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon4March2012.Retrieved8November2012. ^"TheWorldFactbook–CentralIntelligenceAgency".cia.gov.Archivedfromtheoriginalon27September2011.Retrieved8January2017. ^"Java(island,Indonesia)".EncyclopædiaBritannica.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9July2013.Retrieved7July2013. ^JorgeDurand(March2004)."FromTraitorstoHeroes:100YearsofMexicanMigrationPolicies".UniversityofGuadalajara.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5May2011.Retrieved16July2013. ^"PopulationandHousingCensus:Mexico2010"(PDF).UniversityofMinnesota.3March2011.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon3November2013.Retrieved16July2013. ^GunnarHeinsohn(7January2008)."Kenya'sViolence:Explodingpopulation".TheNewYorkTimes.Archivedfromtheoriginalon15July2014.Retrieved7July2013. ^"TheWorldatSixBillion:Introduction"(PDF).UnitedNations.1999.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on5February2016.Retrieved14July2013. ^"U.S.CensusBureau–WorldPOPClockProjection".July2013.Archivedfromtheoriginalon18November2011.Retrieved18February2018.Thenumberonthispageisautomaticallyupdateddaily. ^"Populationsevenbillion:UNsetsoutchallenges".BBCNews.26October2011.Archivedfromtheoriginalon26October2011.Retrieved27October2011. ^Coleman,Jasmine(31October2011)."World's'sevenbillionthbaby'isborn".TheGuardian.London.Archivedfromtheoriginalon30September2013.Retrieved31October2011. ^"7billionpeopleisa'seriouschallenge".UPI.31October2011.Archivedfromtheoriginalon3November2011.Retrieved9November2011. ^ab*"Ch.5:PopulationSizeandComposition"(PDF).WorldPopulationProspects,the2000Revision.Vol.III.UnitedNationsPopulationDivision.p. 171.Retrieved3July2010.|volume=hasextratext(help) "ExecutiveSummary"(PDF).WorldPopulationProspects:The2002RevisionVolumeIII:AnalyticalReport.2002.Retrieved3July2010. "WorldPopulationto2300"(PDF).NewYork:UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs:PopulationDivision.2004.pp. 3,14.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon19September2018.Retrieved3July2010. "WorldPopulation:1950–2050".UnitedStatesCensusBureau.June2010.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5October2013.Retrieved3July2010. "2009WorldPopulationDataSheet"(PDF).Washington,DC:PopulationReferenceBureau.2009.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon22April2010.Retrieved3July2010. ^ab"KeyFindings"(PDF).Long-RangePopulationProjections.ProceedingsoftheUnitedNationsTechnicalWorkingGrouponLong-RangePopulationProjections.NewYork:UnitedNations:DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs.2003.Retrieved3July2010. ^"Totalfertilityestimates,1950–2010".UNPopulationDivision.April2011.Archivedfromtheoriginalon7June2012.Retrieved14June2012. ^"WorldPopulationProspects,the2008Revision–FrequentlyAskedQuestions".PopulationDivisionoftheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariat.10November2010.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24February2015.Retrieved26March2015. ^"WorldHealthStatistics2016:MonitoringhealthfortheSDGsAnnexB:tablesofhealthstatisticsbycountry,WHOregionandglobally"(PDF).WorldHealthOrganization.2016.p. 110.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon17May2018.Retrieved3August2018. ^abc"WorldDemographicsProfile2011".IndexMundi.Archivedfromtheoriginalon30November2011.Retrieved18November2011. ^"Sex-ratioimbalanceinAsia:Trends,consequencesandpolicyresponses"(PDF).UNFPA.2007.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon4June2012.Retrieved20May2012. ^"WorldDemographicsProfile2014".IndexMundi.Archivedfromtheoriginalon6October2014.Retrieved4October2014. ^Janneh,Abdoulie(April2012)."Generaldebateonnationalexperienceinpopulationmatters:adolescentsandyouth"(PDF).UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforAfrica.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon10November2013.Retrieved19February2014. ^"WHO,2020LifeExpectancy". ^"Childrenperwoman".OurWorldinData.Retrieved1November2021. ^"Globalweightgainmoredamagingthanrisingnumbers".BBC.18June2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4February2013.Retrieved12February2013. ^"WorldEconomicOutlook(October2021)".www.imf.org.Retrieved1November2021. ^"Povertyheadcountratioat$1.90aday(2011PPP)(%ofpopulation)|Data".data.worldbank.org.Retrieved1November2021. ^FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,TheStateofFoodInsecurityintheWorldArchived11June2014attheWaybackMachine.WorldHunger.org.2012.Retrieved26April2012. ^"Statistics".InternetWorldStats.30June2014.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24November2017.Retrieved5March2015. ^"World’sMostTypicalPerson:HanChineseMan"Archived6June2019attheWaybackMachine.WallStreetJournal.4March2011.Retrieved18November2011. ^Ghosh,Iman(15February2020)."Ranked:The100MostSpokenLanguagesAroundtheWorld".VisualCapitalist.Retrieved1November2021. ^"ReligiousCompositionbyCountry,2010-2050".PewResearchCenter.2April2015. ^"NationalData".data.stats.gov.cn.Archivedfromtheoriginalon14June2018.Retrieved22November2019. ^"data.gov.in".data.gov.in.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19June2016.Retrieved22November2019. ^"PopulationClock".www.census.gov.Archivedfromtheoriginalon17November2015.Retrieved18April2020. ^"BadanPusatStatistik".www.bps.go.id.Archivedfromtheoriginalon17July2018.Retrieved8August2017. ^abUnitedNations."WorldPopulationProspects2019". ^"IBGE|Projeçãodapopulação".www.ibge.gov.br.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4February2020.Retrieved22November2019. ^"BangladeshBureauofStatistics".4September2011.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4September2011. ^"Федеральнаяслужбагосударственнойстатистики".www.gks.ru.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4January2020.Retrieved5January2020. ^"IndicadoresdemográficosdeMéxicode1950a2050-SeleccionaunañoparalaRepúblicaMexicana-IndicadoresdemográficosdelaRepúblicaMexicanaenelaño".Archivedfromtheoriginalon3January2019.Retrieved18April2020. ^abDemetriou,Danielle(17April2013)."Japan'spopulationsuffersbiggestfallinhistory".TheDailyTelegraph.London.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21May2013.Retrieved22July2013. ^"ThelimitsofaGreenRevolution?".BBCNews.29March2007.Archivedfromtheoriginalon28July2011.Retrieved1August2010. ^"TheRealGreenRevolution".Energybulletin.net.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22April2008.Retrieved1August2010. ^"WorldPopulationto2300"(PDF).UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs.2004.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon19September2018.Retrieved16June2013. ^"InternationalPrograms".USCB.7January2009.Archivedfromtheoriginalon23August2010.Retrieved16December2012. ^RonNielsen(2006).TheLittleGreenHandbook.NewYork:Picador.ISBN 978-0-312-42581-4. ^"2006reporthighlights"(PDF).UnitedNations.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon12October2018.Retrieved1August2010. ^"UNpopulationestimatesandprojections,databasequery,August2009".UnitedNations.11March2009.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19August2010.Retrieved1August2010. ^Randers,Jorgen(2012).2052:AGlobalForecastfortheNextFortyYears.Vermont:ChelseaGreenPublishing.p. 62. ^Worldpopulationtokeepgrowingthiscentury,hit11billionby2100Archived4December2016attheWaybackMachine.UWToday.18September2014 ^"WorldPopulationbyYear".www.worldometers.info.Retrieved30May2020. ^ab"WorldPopulationProspects:The2008Revision"(PDF).PopulationDivisionoftheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariat.June2009.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon19March2013.Retrieved20June2013. ^"TheWorldatSixBillion".UnitedNations.12October1999.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9July2013.Retrieved1August2010. ^"PopulationGrowthoverHumanHistory".UniversityofMichigan.January4,2006.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly24,2011.RetrievedMarch9,2013. ^abFiguresincludetheformerSovietcountriesinEurope.Caselli,Graziella;GillaumeWunsch;JacquesVallin(20December2005).Demography:AnalysisandSynthesis,FourVolumeSet:ATreatiseinPopulation.AcademicPress.p. 42.ISBN 978-0-12-765660-1. ^ab"UNreport–2004data"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on5February2016.Retrieved1August2010. ^"WorldPopulationProspectsThe2015Revision".Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on20March2014. ^"TheWorldatSixBillion".UNPopulationDivision.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5March2016.,Table2 ^Fewerthan15,000individuals,accordingtotheTobacatastrophetheory,thoughthistheoryhasbeencriticizedbysomescientists.See:"Tobasuper-volcanocatastropheidea"dismissed"".BBCNews.30April2013.Archivedfromtheoriginalon7January2015.Retrieved21March2015. ^AnapproximationbasedonfiguresfromdifferentsourcesaslistedattheUSCensusBureau'sHistoricalEstimatesofWorldPopulationArchived2May2019attheWaybackMachine;seealso*Kremer,Michael(1993)."PopulationGrowthandTechnologicalChange:OneMillionB.C.to1990".TheQuarterlyJournalofEconomics.108(3):681–716.doi:10.2307/2118405.JSTOR 2118405. ^AnapproximationbasedonfiguresfromdifferentsourcesaslistedattheUSCensusBureau'sTotalMidyearPopulationfortheWorld:1950-2050Archived21May2017attheWaybackMachine ^"NotesontheWorldPOPClockandWorldVitalEvents".USCensusBureau.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2October2013.Retrieved12February2013. ^"WorldPopulationProspects,the2012Revision–"Lowvariant"and"Highvariant"values".UN.2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon1July2014.Retrieved15June2013. ^"Worldpopulationprojectedtoreach9.6billionby2050–UNreport".UNNewsCentre.14June2013.Archivedfromtheoriginalon23August2013.Retrieved16June2013. ^"Amodelpredictsthattheworld'spopulationswillstopgrowingin2050".ScienceDaily.com.4April2013.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2January2020.Retrieved3June2013. ^Carrington,Damien(18September2014)."Worldpopulationtohit12bnin2100–with70%chanceofcontinuousrise".TheGuardian.Archivedfromtheoriginalon20September2014.Retrieved21September2014. ^Gerland,P.;Raftery,A.E.;EvIkova,H.;Li,N.;Gu,D.;Spoorenberg,T.;Alkema,L.;Fosdick,B.K.;Chunn,J.;Lalic,N.;Bay,G.;Buettner,T.;Heilig,G.K.;Wilmoth,J.(14September2014)."Worldpopulationstabilizationunlikelythiscentury".Science.AAAS.346(6206):234–7.Bibcode:2014Sci...346..234G.doi:10.1126/science.1257469.ISSN 1095-9203.PMC 4230924.PMID 25301627. ^"WorldPopulationProspects2019:Highlights"(PDF).Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon3July2019.Retrieved8July2019. ^Silk,John(21December2019)."World'spopulationtohit7.75billionin2019".DeutscheWelle.Retrieved17July2020. ^"Worldpopulationin2100couldbe2billionbelowUNforecasts,studysuggests".TheGuardian.15July2020.Retrieved15July2020. ^Stokstad,Erik(5May2019)."Landmarkanalysisdocumentsthealarmingglobaldeclineofnature".Science.AAAS.Retrieved19July2020.Drivingthesethreatsarethegrowinghumanpopulation,whichhasdoubledsince1970to7.6billion,andconsumption.(Percapitaofuseofmaterialsisup15%overthepast5decades.) ^PeterP.Rogers;KaziF.Jalal&JohnA.Boyd(2008).AnIntroductionToSustainableDevelopment.p. 53.ISBN 978-1849770477. ^"Overpopulation'sRealVictimWillBetheEnvironment".TIME.26October2011.Archivedfromtheoriginalon18February2013.Retrieved18February2013. ^Zehner,Ozzie(2012).GreenIllusions.LincolnandLondon:UniversityofNebraskaPress.pp. 187–331.Archivedfromtheoriginalon29November2019.Retrieved10April2020. ^ab"WorldPopulationProspects:The2019Revision"(XLS).PopulationDivisionoftheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariat.June2019.Retrieved8July2019. ^"WorldPopulation–TotalMidyearPopulationfortheWorld:1950–2050".Census.gov.July2015.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21May2017.Retrieved7March2016. ^SebastienvonHoerner(1975)."PopulationExplosionandInterstellarExpansion".JournaloftheBritishInterplanetarySociety.28(28):691–712.Bibcode:1975JBIS...28..691V. ^IntroductiontoSocialMacrodynamics.Archived10February2012attheWaybackMachine.AndreyKorotayevetal.Forarigorousmathematicalanalysisofthisissue,see"ACompactMathematicalModeloftheWorldSystemEconomicandDemographicGrowth,1 CE–1973 CE".Archived17February2019attheWaybackMachine. ^Kapitsa,SergeiP.(1996)."Thephenomenologicaltheoryofworldpopulationgrowth".Physics-Uspekhi.39(1):57–71.Bibcode:1996PhyU...39...57K.doi:10.1070/pu1996v039n01abeh000127.Archivedfromtheoriginalon11May2009.Retrieved26July2013. ^Lutz,Wolfgang;Sanderson,Warren;Scherbov,Sergei(19June1997)."Doublingofworldpopulationunlikely"(PDF).Nature.387(6635):803–805.Bibcode:1997Natur.387..803L.doi:10.1038/42935.PMID 9194559.S2CID 4306159. ^SergeiP.Kapitza,"Thephenomenologicaltheoryofworldpopulationgrowth",Physics-Uspekhi39(1)57–71(1996),citingK. M.Weiss,HumanBiology56637(1984)andN. Keyfitz,AppliedMathematicalDemography(NewYork:Wiley,1977). ^"HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth?".PRB.Retrieved1November2021. ^Curtin,Ciara(1March2007)."FactorFiction?:LivingPeopleOutnumbertheDead".ScientificAmerican.ScientificAmerican,Inc.(publishedSeptember2007).297(3):126.Bibcode:2007SciAm.297c.126C.doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0907-126.PMID 17784634.Retrieved4August2008.Note:textofpaperpublicationslightlydifferentfromtextofon-linepublication. ^abcHaub,Carl(November–December2002)."HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth?"(PDF).PopulationToday.PopulationReferenceBureau.30(8):3–4.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon12August2011.Retrieved4August2008. ^Haub,Carl(October2011)."HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth?".PopulationReferenceBureau.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24April2013.Retrieved29April2013. ^Kuhrt,A.(1995).TheAncientNearEast,c.3000–330 BCE.Vol. 2.London:Routledge.p. 695. Furtherreading Cohen,JoelE.(1995).HowManyPeopleCantheEarthSupport?.NewYork:W.W.Norton.ISBN 978-0-393-31495-3. "WorldPopulationProspects,the2012Revision".UnitedNationsPopulationDivision.Retrieved19May2014. "WorldPopulationProspects,the2010Revision".UnitedNationsPopulationDivision.Retrieved25June2013. "WorldPopulationHistoryGraph"Worldpopulationgraph10000BC–AD1950. "SymptomsofTheGlobalDemographicDecline".Demographia.ru.Retrieved25June2013. "World".TheWorldFactbook.USCentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA).Retrieved6November2012. "TheWorldinBalance"(transcript).Two-partPBSNovaepisodeonworldpopulation.20April2004.Retrieved19July2013. "TheEnvironmentalPoliticsofPopulationandOverpopulation".UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.2012.Retrieved19July2013. "Globalpopulation:Facesofthefuture".TheEconomist.22June2013.Retrieved25June2013. "Creatingnewlife–andotherwaystofeedtheworld".BBCNews.23July2013.Retrieved23July2013. WorldPopulationGrowth(Oct2016),EstebanOrtiz-OspinaandMaxRoser,OurWorldInData.org "Humanpopulationnumbersasafunctionoffoodsupply".RusselHopfenberg(DukeUniversity,Durham,NC,USA),DavidPimentel(CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA). Externallinks WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoWorldpopulationstatistics. Organizations TheDayof6Billionand7Billion–OfficialhomepagesmaintainedbyUNFPA PopulationReferenceBureau–Newsandissuesrelatedtopopulation BerlinInstituteforPopulationandDevelopment Statisticsandmaps HiveGroup.com–Worldpopulationstatisticspresentedinatreemapinterface Win.tue.nl–Worldcountriesmappedbypopulationsize Populationclocks U.S.andWorldPopulationClock(USCensusBureau) vteGlobalhumanpopulationMajortopics Biocapacity Demographicsoftheworld Humanoverpopulation Malthusiancatastrophe Humanpopulationplanning Compulsorysterilization Familyplanning One-childpolicy Two-childpolicy Optimumpopulation Population Populationethics Populationgrowth Populationmomentum Sustainabledevelopment Sustainablepopulation Women'sreproductiverights Zeropopulationgrowth Biologicalandrelatedtopics Populationbiology Populationdecline Populationdensity Physiologicaldensity Populationdynamics Populationmodel Populationpyramid Projectionsofpopulationgrowth Populationecology Earth'senergybudget I=P×A ×T Kayaidentity Malthusiangrowthmodel Overshoot(population) World3model Literature AModestProposal ObservationsConcerningtheIncreaseofMankind,PeoplingofCountries,etc. AnEssayonthePrincipleofPopulation "HowMuchLandDoesaManNeed?" OperatingManualforSpaceshipEarth PopulationControl:RealCosts,IllusoryBenefits TheLimitstoGrowth ThePopulationBomb TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist TheUltimateResource FatalMisconception Publications PopulationandEnvironment PopulationandDevelopmentReview Lists Populationandhousingcensusesbycountry Metropolitanareasbypopulation Populationmilestonebabies Eventsandorganizations 7BillionActions InternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment PopulationActionInternational PopulationConnection PopulationMatters PopulationResearchInstitute UnitedNationsPopulationFund VoluntaryHumanExtinctionMovement WorldPopulationDay WorldPopulationFoundation Relatedtopics Deepecology Fertilityandintelligence GreenRevolution Humanimpactontheenvironment Migration Commons Humanoverpopulation Humanactivitieswithimpactontheenvironment Humanmigration Articlesrelatedtotheworld'spopulation vteAnthropogeniceffectsontheenvironmentGeneral Anthropocene Environmentalissues listofissues Humanimpact onmarinelife Listofglobalissues Impactassessment Planetaryboundaries Causes Agriculture cannabiscultivation irrigation meatproduction cocoaproduction palmoil Energyindustry biofuels biodiesel coal nuclearpower oilshale petroleum reservoirs Geneticpollution Environmentalcrime Industrialisation Landuse Manufacturing cleaningagents concrete plastics nanotechnology paint paper pesticides pharmaceuticalsandpersonalcare Marinelife fishing fishingdownthefoodweb marinepollution overfishing Mining Overconsumption Overdrafting Overexploitation Overgrazing Particulates Pollution Quarrying Reservoirs Tourism Transport aviation roads shipping Urbanization urbansprawl War Effects Biodiversitythreats biodiversityloss declineinamphibianpopulations declineininsectpopulations Climatechange runawayclimatechange Coralreefs Deforestation Defaunation Desertification Ecocide Erosion Environmentaldegradation Freshwatercycle Habitatdestruction Holoceneextinction Nitrogencycle Landdegradation Landconsumption Landsurfaceeffectsonclimate Lossofgreenbelts Phosphoruscycle Oceanacidification Ozonedepletion Resourcedepletion Waterdegradation Waterscarcity Mitigation Alternativefuelvehiclepropulsion Birthcontrol Cleanerproduction Climatechangemitigation Climateengineering Communityresilience Decoupling Ecologicalengineering Environmentalengineering Environmentalmitigation Industrialecology Mitigationbanking Organicfarming Recycling Reforestation urban Restorationecology Sustainableconsumption Wasteminimization  Commons  Category bycountry assessment mitigation vteListsofcountriesbypopulationstatisticsGlobal Currentpopulation Demographicsoftheworld Continents/subregions Africa Antarctica Asia Europe NorthAmerica Caribbean Oceania SouthAmerica Intercontinental Americas Arabworld CommonwealthofNations Eurasia EuropeanUnion Islands LatinAmerica MiddleEast Cities/urbanareas Worldcities Nationalcapitals Megacities Megalopolises Pastandfuture Pastandfuturepopulation Worldpopulationestimates 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 1907 1939 1989 2000 2005 2010 2015 Populationmilestones Populationdensity Currentdensity Pastandfuturepopulationdensity Currentrealdensitybasedonfoodgrowingcapacity Growthindicators Populationgrowthrate Naturalincrease Birthrate Mortalityrate Fertilityrate Pastfertilityrate Otherdemographics Ageatfirstmarriage Agestructure Dependencyratio Divorcerate Ethnicandculturaldiversitylevel Immigrantpopulation Linguisticdiversity Medianage Netmigrationrate Numberofhouseholds Sexratio Urbanpopulation Urbanization Health Antidepressantconsumption Antiviralmedicationsforpandemicinfluenza HIV/AIDSadultprevalencerate Infantandunder-fivemortalityrates Maternalmortalityrate Lifeexpectancy Obesityrate Pastlifeexpectancy Percentagesufferingfromundernourishment Healthexpenditurebycountrybytypeoffinancing Suiciderate Totalhealthexpenditurepercapita Bodymassindex(BMI) Educationandinnovation BloombergInnovationIndex EducationIndex InternationalInnovationIndex Literacyrate ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA) ProgrammefortheInternationalAssessmentofAdultCompetencies ProgressinInternationalReadingLiteracyStudy(PIRLS) Studentskills Tertiaryeducationattainment TrendsinInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy(TIMSS) WorldIntellectualPropertyIndicators Economic Accesstofinancialservices Developmentaidgiven OfficialDevelopmentAssistancereceived Employmentrate Irrigatedlandarea HumanDevelopmentIndex bycountry inequality-adjusted planetarypressures–adjustedHDI HumanPovertyIndex Imports Incomeequality Labourforce Shareofincomeoftop1% Numberofmillionaires(USdollars) Numberofbillionaires(USdollars) Percentagelivinginpoverty Publicsector Unemploymentrate Listofinternationalrankings Listsbycountry vteHierarchyoflife Biosphere >Biome >Ecosystem >Biocenosis >Population >Organism >Organsystem >Organ >Tissue >Cell >Organelle >Biomolecularcomplex >Macromolecule >Biomolecule vteGlobalization Journals Outline Studies Aspects Alter-globalization Anti-globalization Culturalglobalization Deglobalization Democraticglobalization Economicglobalization Environmentalglobalization Financialglobalization Globalcitizenship education Globalgovernance Globalpolitics Globalhealth Historyof archaic earlymodern Militaryglobalization Politicalglobalization Tradeglobalization Workforceglobalization IssuesGlobal Climatechange Climatejustice Disease COVID-19pandemic Digitaldivide Laborarbitrage Population Taxhavens Offshorefinancialcentres Taxinversions Watercrisis Other Braindrain reverse Caredrain Developmentaid Economicinequality Endangeredlanguages Fairtrade Forceddisplacement Humanrights Illicitfinancialflows Imperialism academic cultural linguistic media scientific social Invasivespecies Investor-statedisputes McDonaldization Newinternationaldivisionoflabour North–Southdivide Offshoring Racetothebottom pollutionhavens Transnationalcrime Westernization Worldwar Theories Capitalaccumulation Dependency Development Earthsystem Fiscallocalism Modernization ecological historyof Primitiveaccumulation Socialchange Worldhistory World-systems NotablescholarsEconomics RaviBatra JagdishBhagwati RobertBrenner JayatiGhosh MichaelHudson BrankoMilanović KevinO'Rourke ThomasPiketty DaniRodrik JeffreySachs JosephStiglitz Politicaleconomy SamirAmin GiovanniArrighi RobertW.Cox AndreGunderFrank StephenGill PeterGowan DavidHarvey RonenPalan SusanStrange RobertWade Politics/sociology ArjunAppadurai DanieleArchibugi K.AnthonyAppiah UlrichBeck WaldenBello JeanBaudrillard ZygmuntBauman ManuelCastells ChristopherChase-Dunn AlfredCrosby NancyFraser SusanGeorge AnthonyGiddens MichaelHardt DavidHeld PaulHirst L.H.M.Ling AntonioNegri GeorgeRitzer SaskiaSassen JohnUrry ImmanuelWallerstein Non–academic NoamChomsky ThomasFriedman NaomiKlein JohnR.Saul VandanaShiva Category  Businessportal AuthoritycontrolGeneral IntegratedAuthorityFile(Germany) Other MicrosoftAcademic Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&oldid=1061249298" Categories:WorldpopulationCulturalglobalizationHumanoverpopulationHiddencategories:Pageswithnon-numericformatnumargumentsCS1errors:missingnameWebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksCS1errors:extratext:volumeCS1:longvolumevalueArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataWikipediaindefinitelysemi-protectedpagesUsedmydatesfromOctober2020ArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromNovember2021AllarticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsWikipediaarticlesinneedofupdatingfromOctober2018AllWikipediaarticlesinneedofupdatingAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromSeptember2014ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromApril2020AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesCommonscategorylinkisonWikidataArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithMAidentifiersPagesusingtheGraphextension Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadViewsourceViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages አማርኛالعربيةAsturianuAzərbaycancaБеларускаяБългарскиBosanskiCatalàЧӑвашлаČeštinaDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisGalego한국어Հայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiBahasaIndonesiaItalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡქართულიҚазақшаKurdîLatviešuLietuviųМакедонскиMalagasyമലയാളംमराठीمصرىМонголမြန်မာဘာသာNederlands日本語NorskbokmålپنجابیPolskiPortuguêsRomânăRumantschРусскийScotsShqipසිංහලSimpleEnglishŚlůnskiSoomaaligaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaதமிழ்ไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệt吴语粵語中文 Editlinks