Subconscious - Wikipedia

In psychology, the subconscious is the part of the mind that is not currently of focal awareness. Contents. 1 Scholarly use of the term; 2 Psychoanalysis ... Subconscious FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch PowerofoursubconsciousmindThisarticleisabouttheconceptsubconsciousasusedinpsychology,everydayspeechandnew-ageliterature.Forarelatedpsychologicalconcept,seeunconsciousmind.FortheSamanthaJamesalbumandsong,seeSubconscious(album)andSubconscious(song). Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Subconscious" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(March2010)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Inpsychology,thesubconsciousisthepartofthemindthatisnotcurrentlyoffocalawareness. Contents 1Scholarlyuseoftheterm 2Psychoanalysis 3Analyticalpsychology 4"NewAge"andothermodalitiestargetingthesubconscious 5Seealso 6Notesandreferences 7Externallinks Scholarlyuseoftheterm[edit] ThewordsubconsciousrepresentsananglicizedversionoftheFrenchsubconscientascoinedin1889bythepsychologistPierreJanet(1859–1947),inhisdoctorateoflettersthesis,Del'AutomatismePsychologique.[1]Janetarguedthatunderneaththelayersofcritical-thoughtfunctionsoftheconsciousmindlayapowerfulawarenessthathecalledthesubconsciousmind.[2] Inthestrictpsychologicalsense,theadjectiveisdefinedas"operatingorexistingoutsideofconsciousness".[2] LockeandKristofwritethatthereisalimittowhatcanbeheldinconsciousfocalawareness,analternativestorehouseofone'sknowledgeandpriorexperienceisneeded,whichtheylabelthesubconscious.[3] Psychoanalysis[edit] SigmundFreudusedtheterm"subconscious"in1893[4][5]todescribeassociationsandimpulsesthatarenotaccessibletoconsciousness.[6]Helaterabandonedtheterminfavorofunconscious,notingthefollowing:"Ifsomeonetalksofsubconsciousness,Icannottellwhetherhemeansthetermtopographically–toindicatesomethinglyinginthemindbeneathconsciousness–orqualitatively–toindicateanotherconsciousness,asubterraneanone,asitwere.Heisprobablynotclearaboutanyofit.Theonlytrustworthyantithesisisbetweenconsciousandunconscious."[7][5] In1896,inLetter52,Freudintroducedthestratificationofmentalprocesses,notingthatmemory-tracesareoccasionallyre-arrangedinaccordancewithnewcircumstances.Inthistheory,hedifferentiatedbetweenWahrnehmungszeichen("Indicationofperception"),Unbewusstsein("theunconscious")andVorbewusstsein("thePreconscious").[6]Fromthispointforward,Freudnolongerusedtheterm"subconscious"because,inhisopinion,itfailedtodifferentiatewhethercontentandtheprocessingoccurredintheunconsciousorpreconsciousmind.[8] CharlesRycroftexplainsthatthesubconsciousisaterm"neverusedinpsychoanalyticwritings".[9]PeterGaysaysthattheuseofthetermsubconsciouswhereunconsciousismeantis"acommonandtellingmistake";[10]indeed,"when[theterm]isemployedtosaysomething'Freudian',itisproofthatthewriterhasnotreadhisFreud".[11] Analyticalpsychology[edit] CarlJungsaidthatsincethereisalimittowhatcanbeheldinconsciousfocalawareness,analternativestorehouseofone'sknowledgeandpriorexperienceisneeded.[12] "NewAge"andothermodalitiestargetingthesubconscious[edit] Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(April2013)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) TheideaofthesubconsciousasapowerfulorpotentagencyhasallowedthetermtobecomeprominentinNewAgeandself-helpliterature,inwhichinvestigatingorcontrollingitssupposedknowledgeorpowerisseenasadvantageous.IntheNewAgecommunity,techniquessuchasautosuggestionandaffirmationsarebelievedtoharnessthepowerofthesubconscioustoinfluenceaperson'slifeandreal-worldoutcomes,evencuringsickness.SkepticalInquirermagazinecriticizedthelackoffalsifiabilityandtestabilityoftheseclaims.[13]PhysicistAliAlousi,forinstance,criticizeditasunmeasurableandquestionedthelikelihoodthatthoughtscanaffectanythingoutsidethehead.[14]Inaddition,criticshaveassertedthattheevidenceprovidedisusuallyanecdotalandthat,becauseoftheself-selectingnatureofthepositivereports,aswellasthesubjectivenatureofanyresults,thesereportsaresusceptibletoconfirmationbiasandselectionbias.[15] Psychologistsandpsychiatristsusetheterm"unconscious"intraditionalpractices,wheremetaphysicalandNewAgeliterature,oftenusethetermsubconscious.[16]Itshouldnot,however,beinferredthattheconceptoftheunconsciousandtheNewAgeconceptofthesubconsciousarepreciselyequivalent,eventhoughtheybothwarrantconsiderationofmentalprocessesofthebrain.PsychologistsandpsychiatriststakeamuchmorelimitedviewofthecapabilitiesoftheunconsciousthanarerepresentedbyNewAgedepictionofthesubconscious.ThereareanumberofmethodsinuseinthecontemporaryNewAgeandparanormalcommunitiesthataffectthelatter: Affirmations Autosuggestion Binauralbeats Hypnosis Subliminalmessage Seealso[edit] Philosophyportal Psychologyportal Consciousness Collectiveunconscious Historyofhypnosis Non-rapideyemovementsleep Preconscious Rapideyemovementsleep Slow-wavesleep Subliminalstimuli Unconsciousmind Transdisciplinarytopics Listofthoughtprocesses Philosophyofmind TheSubconsciousForAcademicSuccess Notesandreferences[edit] ^Janet,Pierre(1899).Del'AutomatismePsychologique[OfPsychologicalAutomatism](inFrench).RetrievedMarch2014.Checkdatevaluesin:|access-date=(help) ^abHenriF.Ellenberger,TheDiscoveryoftheUnconscious(1970) ^Locke,EdwinA.;Kristof,AmyL.(1996)."VolitionalChoicesintheGoalAchievementProcess".InGollwitzer,PeterM.;Bargh,JohnA.(eds.).ThePsychologyofAction:LinkingCognitionandMotivationtoBehavior.GuilfordPress.p.370.ISBN 9781572300323.Retrieved2014-12-08."Bythe'subconscious,'werefertothatpartofconsciousnesswhichisnotatanygivenmomentinfocalawareness.Atanygivenmoment,verylittle(atmost,onlyaboutsevendisconnectedobjects)canbeheldinconscious,focalawareness.Everythingelse-allofone'spriorknowledgeandexperiences-residesinthesubconscious." Comparememory. ^Freud,Sigmund(1893).« Quelquesconsidérationspouruneétudecomparativedesparalysiesorganiquesethystériques ».Archivesdeneurologie,citationinPsychanalyse(fondamentaldepsychanalysefreudienne),souslesdirectionsd'AlaindeMijolla&SophiedeMijollaMellor.Paris,P.U.F,1996,p.50. ^abLaplanche,Jean;Pontalis,Jean-Bertrand(1988)[1973]."Subconscious(pp.430-1)".TheLanguageofPsycho-analysis(reprint,revised ed.).London:KarnacBooks.ISBN 978-0-946-43949-2. ^abFreud,Sigmund(1966).TheCompletePsychologicalWorksofSigmundFreudVolumeI(1886-1899)Pre-PsychoanalyticPublicationsandUnpublishedDrafts.HogarthPressLimited. ^Freud,Sigmund(Vienna1926;Englishtranslation1927).TheQuestionofLayAnalysis. ^Freud,Sigmund(1955).TheCompletePsychologicalWorksofSigmundFreud,VolumeII(1893-1895).TheHogarthPress. ^CharlesRycroft,ACriticalDictionaryofPsychoanalysis(London,2ndEd,1995),p.175 ^PeterGay,Freud:ALifeForOurTime(London2006),p.453 ^PeterGay(ed.),AFreudReader(London,1995),p.576 ^Jung,Carl(1964)."Approachingtheunconscious".ManandhisSymbols.Doubleday.p. 37.ISBN 978-0-385-05221-4.Suchmaterialhasmostlybecomeunconsciousbecause—inamannerofspeaking—thereisnoroomforitintheconsciousmind.Someofone'sthoughtslosetheiremotionalenergyandbecomesubliminal(thatistosay,theynolongerreceivesomuchofourconsciousattention)becausetheyhavecometoseemuninterestingorirrelevant,orbecausethereissomereasonwhywewishtopushthemoutofsight.Itis,infact,normalandnecessaryforusto"forget"inthisfashion,inordertomakeroominourconsciousmindsfornewimpressionsandideas.Ifthisdidnothappen,everythingweexperiencedwouldremainabovethethresholdofconsciousnessandourmindswouldbecomeimpossiblycluttered. ^[1]ArchivedJuly26,2009,attheWaybackMachine ^Whittaker,S.SecretattractionArchived2016-03-04attheWaybackMachine,TheMontrealGazette,May12,2007. ^Kaptchuk,T.,&Eisenberg,D.(1998)."ThePersuasiveAppealofAlternativeMedicine".AnnalsofInternalMedicine.129(12):1061–5.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.694.4798.doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00011.PMID 9867762.CS1maint:multiplenames:authorslist(link) ^Inhis("NewThought")workPowerofYourSubconsciousMind(1963),JosephMurphylikenstheworkingsofthesubconsciousmindtoasyllogism.Murphystates(p.43),"whatevermajorpremiseyourconsciousmindassumestobetruedeterminestheconclusionyoursubconsciousmindcomestoinregardtoanyparticularquestionorprobleminyourmind."Thismeansthatifyourmajorpremiseistrue,thentheconclusionthatfollowsyourpremisemustbetruealso.Hesharesthefollowingformula."Everyvirtueislaudable;Kindessisavirtue;Therefore,kindnessislaudable."Murphyarguesthatbecauseyoursubconsciousmindoperateslikeasyllogismonecanreapgreatbenefitsbyutilizingapowerfulandpositivemajorpremise.Healsowarnsthattheoppositecouldholdtrue:ifoneusesanegative,self-defeatingmajorpremise,onecouldreaphorribleconsequences. Externallinks[edit] Wikiquotehasquotationsrelatedto:Subconscious LookupsubconsciousinWiktionary,thefreedictionary. TheSubconsciousForAcademicSuccess AReader'sGuideToPierreJanet:ANeglectedIntellectualHeritage Who’sMindingtheMind? "TheUnconscious:FrequentlyAskedQuestions.What'sthedifferencebetween'unconscious'and'subconscious'?".London:FreudMuseum. vteConsciousnessFiguresPhilosophy AlfredNorthWhitehead ArthurSchopenhauer BaruchSpinoza BertrandRussell BrianO'Shaughnessy CharlesAugustusStrong ChristopherPeacocke ColinMcGinn DanielDennett DavidChalmers DavidHume DavidPapineau DavidPearce DonaldDavidson DouglasHofstadter EdmundHusserl FrankJackson FredDretske GalenStrawson GeorgeBerkeley GeorgeHenryLewes GeorgesRey GottfriedLeibniz ImmanuelKant JohnEccles JohnLocke JohnPolkinghorne JohnSearle JosephLevine KarlPopper KeithFrankish KennethM.Sayre MauriceMerleau-Ponty MaxVelmans MichaelTye MartinHeidegger NedBlock PatriciaChurchland PaulChurchland PhilipGoff RenéDescartes ThomasMetzinger ThomasNagel WilliamKingdonClifford WilliamLycan WilliamSeager Psychology CarlGustavJung DonaldD.Hoffman FranzBrentano GustavFechner KurtKoffka MaxWertheimer SigmundFreud WilhelmWundt WilliamJames WolfgangKöhler Neuroscience AnilSeth AntonioDamasio BenjaminLibet BernardBaars ChristofKoch FrancisCrick FranciscoVarela GeraldEdelman GiulioTononi KarlPribram LawrenceWeiskrantz MichaelGazzaniga MichaelGraziano PatrickWilken RogerSperry StanislasDehaene StevenLaureys StuartHameroff WolfSinger Others AnnakaHarris DavidBohm EugeneWigner ErwinSchrödinger MarvinMinsky MaxPlanck RogerPenrose SusanBlackmore VictorJ.Stenger WolfgangPauli TheoriesPhilosophyofmind Anomalousmonism Computationalism Double-aspecttheory Eliminativematerialism Emergentism Epiphenomenalism Functionalism Idealism Interactionism Materialism Mind–bodydualism Monism Neutralmonism Newmysterianism Panpsychism Parallelism Physicalism Propertydualism Qualia Reflexivemonism Revisionarymaterialism Solipsism Typephysicalism(reductivematerialism,identitytheory) Science Attentionschematheory Dynamiccorehypothesis Damasio'stheoryofconsciousness Electromagnetictheoriesofconsciousness Globalworkspacetheory Holonomicbraintheory Integratedinformationtheory Lamme'srecurrentfeedbackhypothesis Multipledraftsmodel Orchestratedobjectivereduction Topics Agnosia Alteredstateofconsciousness Animalconsciousness Artificialconsciousness Attention Awareness Bindingproblem Binocularrivalry Blindsight Brain Cartesiantheater Consciousnessafterdeath Disordersofconsciousness Dividedconsciousness Dualconsciousness(split-brain) Experience Explanatorygap Freewill Flashsuppression Hallucination Hardproblemofconsciousness Heterophenomenology Higherconsciousness Illusion Introspectionillusion Knowledgeargument Locked-insyndrome Mind Mind–bodyproblem Minimallyconsciousstate Neuralcorrelatesofconsciousness Neurophenomenology Ontology Phenomenology Philosophicalzombie Philosophyofmind Primaryconsciousness Problemofotherminds Reentry Qualia Quantummind Sakshi Purusha Secondaryconsciousness Sentience Sentiocentrism Sociologyofhumanconsciousness Soul Streamofconsciousness Subconscious Subjectivecharacterofexperience Subjectivity Unconsciousmind Unconsciousness Upanishads Visualmasking VonNeumann–Wignerinterpretation Yogachara Works AUniverseofConsciousness AssociationfortheScientificStudyofConsciousness ConsciousnessandCognition ConsciousnessExplained CosmicConsciousness HowtheSelfControlsItsBrain JournalofConsciousnessStudies OnlineConsciousnessConference Psyche TheAstonishingHypothesis TheConsciousMind TheEmperor'sNewMind TheScienceofConsciousness UnderstandingConsciousness "WhatIsitLiketoBeaBat?" WiderthantheSky AuthoritycontrolNationallibraries Spain UnitedStates Other MicrosoftAcademic Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&oldid=1058999346" Categories:ConsciousnessstudiesHypnosisHiddencategories:CS1errors:datesCS1French-languagesources(fr)WebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksCS1maint:multiplenames:authorslistArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromMarch2010AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromApril2013ArticleswithBNEidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiersArticleswithMAidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects Wikiquote Languages العربيةঅসমীয়াবাংলাБеларуская(тарашкевіца)БългарскиCatalàČeštinaCymraegΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraFrançais한국어Հայերենहिन्दीItalianoLatviešuMagyarМакедонскиمصرىBahasaMelayuनेपालभाषाNorskbokmålOccitanPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийShqipسنڌيSlovenčinaکوردیSuomiไทยУкраїнськаاردوZazaki中文 Editlinks