Caravan (travellers) - Wikipedia

A caravan (from Persian and Kurdish: کاروان}} kârvân) is a group of people traveling together, often on a trade expedition. ... Caravans were used mainly in ... Caravan(travellers) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Groupofpeopleoranimalstravelingtogetherinarow EdwinLordWeeks,ArrivalofaCaravanOutsidetheCityofMorocco AtradecaravanpassingtheIsleofGraiaintheGulfofAkabah,ArabiaPetraea,1839lithographbyLouisHaghefromanoriginalbyDavidRobertsCamelcaravaninMorocco,November2013. Acaravan(fromPersianandKurdish:کاروان}}kârvân)isagroupofpeopletravelingtogether,oftenonatradeexpedition.[1]CaravanswereusedmainlyindesertareasandthroughouttheSilkRoad,wheretravelingingroupsaidedindefenseagainstbanditsaswellashelpingtoimproveeconomiesofscaleintrade.[1] Contents 1Description 2Seealso 3References 4Furtherreading 5Externallinks Description[edit] Inhistoricaltimes,caravansconnectingEastAsiaandEuropeoftencarriedluxuriousandlucrativegoods,suchassilksorjewelry.Caravanscouldthereforerequireconsiderableinvestmentandwerealucrativetargetforbandits.Theprofitsfromasuccessfullyundertakenjourneycouldbeenormous,comparabletothelaterEuropeanspicetrade.Theluxuriousgoodsbroughtbycaravansattractedmanyrulersalongimportanttraderoutestoconstructcaravanserais.Caravanseraiswereroadsidestationswhichsupportedtheflowofcommerce,information,andpeopleacrossthenetworkoftraderoutescoveringAsia,NorthAfrica,andsoutheasternEurope,especiallyalongtheSilkRoad.Caravanseraisprovidedwaterforhumanandanimalconsumption,washing,andritualablutions.Sometimestheyhadelaboratebaths.Theyalsokeptfodderforanimalsandhadshopsfortravelerswheretheycouldacquirenewsupplies.Inaddition,someshopsboughtgoodsfromthetravelingmerchants.[2] However,thevolumeacaravancouldtransportwaslimitedevenbyClassicalorMedievalstandards.Forexample,acaravanof500camelscouldonlytransportasmuchasathirdorhalfofthegoodscarriedbyaregularByzantinemerchantsailingship. Present-daycaravansinless-developedareasoftheworldoftenstilltransportimportantgoodsthroughbadlypassableareas,suchasseedsrequiredforagricultureinaridregions.AnexamplearethecameltrainstraversingthesouthernedgesoftheSaharaDesert. Seealso[edit] Convoy Cameltrain Wagontrain CentralAmericanmigrantcaravansof2017–18 References[edit] ^abChisholm,Hugh,ed.(1911)."Caravan" .EncyclopædiaBritannica(11th ed.).CambridgeUniversityPress. ^Ciolek,T.Matthew.2004-present.CatalogueofGeoreferencedCaravansaras/KhansArchived2005-02-07attheWaybackMachine.OldWorldTradeRoutes(OWTRAD)Project.Canberra:www.ciolek.com-AsiaPacificResearchOnline. Furtherreading[edit] KevinShillington(ed),"Tuareg:Takeddaandtrans-Saharantrade"in:EncyclopaediaofAfricanHistory,FitzroyDearborn,2004,ISBN 1-57958-245-1 T.Lewicki,"TheRoleoftheSaharaandSahariansinRelationshipsbetweenNorthandSouth",in:UNESCOGeneralHistoryofAfrica:Volume3,UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1994,ISBN 92-3-601709-6 FernandBraudel,ThePerspectiveoftheWorld,volIIIofCivilizationandCapitalism1984(translatedfromtheFrench) AntiquityandMiddleAges TheTrans-SaharanGoldTrade7th-14thCentury;MetropolitanMuseumofArt RenéMouterde,AndréPoidebard,« LavoieantiquedescaravanesentrePalmyreetHît,auIIesiècleaprèsJésus-Christ,d'aprèsuneinscriptionretrouvéeauSud-EstdePalmyre(1930) »,Syria,vol.12,No.12-22,1931,pp. 101–115(availableonlineat:Persee.fr)(inFrench) ErnestWill,« MarchandsetchefsdecaravanesàPalmyre »,Syria,vol.34,No.34-3-4,1957,pp. 262–277(availableonlineat:Persee.fr)(inFrench) 17thcentury RenéCailliéJournald'unvoyageàTemboctouetàJenné,dansl'Afriquecentrale,précédéd'observationsfaiteschezlesMauresBraknas,lesNalousetautrespeuples ;pendantlesannées1824,1825,1826,1827,1828:parRenéCaillié.Avecunecarteitinéraire,etdesremarquesgéographiques,parM.Jomard,membredel'institut.ImpriméàParisenmars1830,parl'imprimerieroyale,entroistomesetunatlas.Unerééditionenfac-similéaétéréaliséeparleséditionsAnthroposen1965.downloadableversion modernedition:VoyageàTombouctou.2vols.Paris:LaDécouverte,1996ISBN 2-7071-2586-5 20thcentury Lattimore,Owen(1928/9)TheDesertRoadtoTurkestan.London,MethuenandCo;&variouslatereditions.CaravanlogisticsandorganizationisdiscussedinChap.VIII,"Camel-MenAll" Tuladhar,KamalRatna(2011).CaravantoLhasa:AMerchantofKathmanduinTraditionalTibet.Kathmandu:Lijala&Tisa.ISBN 99946-58-91-3. Contemporarycaravans JulienBrachet,« LenégocecaravanierauSaharacentral:histoire,évolutiondespratiquesetenjeuxchezlesTouaregsKelAïr(Niger) »,LesCahiersd'outre-mer,No.226-227,2004,pp. 117–136(availableonlineat:Com.revues(inFrench)) MichelMuseur,« Unexemplespécifiqued'économiecaravanière :l'échangesel-mil »,Journaldesafricanistes,vol.47,No.2,1977,pp. 49–80(availableonlineat:Persee.fr)(inFrench) M'hammadSabourandKnutS.Vikør(eds),EthnicEncounterandCultureChange,Bergen,1997,[1]GoogleCacheLastRetrievedJan.2005. Externallinks[edit] MediarelatedtoCaravansatWikimediaCommons Fragner,BertG.(1990)."Caravan".EncyclopaediaIranica,Vol.IV,Fasc.7.pp. 795–798. Authoritycontrol:Nationallibraries Germany Israel UnitedStates Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caravan_(travellers)&oldid=1075984002" Categories:TraderoutesHiddencategories:Wikipediaarticlesincorporatingacitationfromthe1911EncyclopaediaBritannicawithWikisourcereferenceWebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticleswithFrench-languagesources(fr)CommonscategorylinkisonWikidataArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithJ9UidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةAzərbaycancaবাংলাБългарскиBosanskiCatalàЧӑвашлаČeštinaDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançais한국어ՀայերենHrvatskiBahasaIndonesiaÍslenskaItalianoעבריתKaszëbscziҚазақшаKiswahiliКыргызчаLatinaLietuviųMagyarМакедонскиBahasaMelayuNederlands日本語NorskbokmålNorsknynorskOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийSimpleEnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaతెలుగుТоҷикӣTürkçeУкраїнськаTiếngViệt中文 Editlinks